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# OpenSTEM Pty Ltd

Helping students engage.

## Sitemaps

- [XML Sitemap](https://openstem.com.au/sitemap.xml): Contains all public & indexable URLs for this website.

## Posts

- [Recent Posts](https://openstem.com.au/posts)
- [Rocking History: How Sabaton's Songs Can Transform Your Classroom](https://openstem.com.au/2024/06/03/rocking-history-how-sabatons-songs-can-transform-your-classroom) - Hello amazing teachers! Are you looking for a fun and engaging way to bring history to life for your students? Meet Sabaton, a Swedish heavy metal band known for their powerful songs about historical events. While heavy metal might not be the first thing that comes to mind for a primary school setting, Sabaton’s music
- [Covering the federal election, before the election](https://openstem.com.au/2022/01/30/covering-the-federal-election-before-the-election) - Since PM Scott Morrison did not announce the federal election date last week, it will now be held somewhere between March and May (see the post from ABC's Antony Green for details). Various aspects of elections are covered in the Civics & Citizenship Australian Curriculum in Years 4, 5 and 6. Students are interested in
- [Introducing Aunt Madge's Suitcase Activity](https://openstem.com.au/2016/01/25/introducing-aunt-madges-suitcase-activity) - Oh no! Aunt Madge has gone off on her holiday around the world and left one of her suitcases behind! She has sent a note to you to please bring her the suitcase, she has also sent a ticket so that you can fly after her to take her the suitcase. School students need to help Aunt
- [Online Teaching](https://openstem.com.au/2020/03/22/online-teaching) - The OpenSTEM® material is ideally suited to online teaching. In these times of new challenges and requirements, there are a lot of technological possibilities.
- [Election Activity Bundle](https://openstem.com.au/2019/05/01/election-activity-bundle-2019) - With the upcoming federal election, many teachers want to do some related activities in class - and we have the materials ready for you! To make selecting suitable resources a bit easier, we have an Election Activity Bundle containing everything you need, available for just $9.90. Did you know that the secret ballot is an Australian
- [School-wide Understanding Our World® implementations](https://openstem.com.au/2018/12/08/school-wide-understanding-our-world-implementations) - Are you considering implementing our integrated HASS+Science program, but getting a tad confused by the pricing? Now we're providing a new option directly: implement our integrated HASS+Science program school-wide from just $4.40 per student. Easy!
- [Children in Singapore will no longer be ranked by exam results. Here's why | World Economic Forum](https://openstem.com.au/2018/10/16/children-in-singapore-will-no-longer-be-ranked-by-exam-results-heres-why-world-economic-forum) - https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/10/singapore-has-abolished-school-exam-rankings-here-s-why The island nation is changing its educational focus to encourage school children to develop the life skills they will need when they enter the world of work.
- [Helping Migrants to Australia](https://openstem.com.au/2018/09/28/helping-migrants-to-australia) - The end of the school year is fast approaching with the third term either over or about to end and the start of the fourth term looming ahead. There never seems to be enough time in the last term with making sure students have met all their learning outcomes for the year and with final
- [Our interwoven ancestry](https://openstem.com.au/2018/09/27/our-interwoven-ancestry) - In 2008 a new group of human ancestors - the Denisovans, were defined on the basis of a single finger knuckle (phalanx) bone discovered in Denisova cave in the Altai mountains of Siberia. A molar tooth, found at Denisova cave earlier (in 2000) was determined to be of the same group. Since then extensive work
- [This Week in Australian History](https://openstem.com.au/2018/08/31/this-week-in-australian-history-2) - The end of August and beginning of September is traditionally linked to the beginning of Spring in Australia, although the change in seasons is experienced in different ways in different parts of the country and was marked in locally appropriate ways by Aboriginal people. As a uniquely Australian celebration of Spring, National Wattle Day, celebrated
- [Rising sea levels and our children's future](https://openstem.com.au/2018/07/06/rising-sea-levels-and-our-childrens-future) - Global warming and sea level rise sometimes seems like a lot of hype bandied about by the media and politicians. However, it has a different level of importance for scientists in a range of disciplines around the world. The Australian Curriculum emphasises that students should study sustainability and environment issues in HASS and Science subjects,
- [QWERTY 150 years old](https://openstem.com.au/2018/06/23/qwerty-150-years-old) - Did you realise that QWERTY and typewriters were from that long ago? I certainly didn't. I did grow up in the late era of the typewriter (70s/80s), and I first learnt how to type on a mechanical typewriter. It was a model with a dual-coloured ribbon (black/red) which I used to good effect for a variety
- [Assessment Time](https://openstem.com.au/2018/06/15/assessment-time) - For many of us, the colder weather has started to arrive and mid-year assessment is in full swing. Teachers are under the pump to produce mid-year reports and grades. The OpenSTEM® Understanding Our World® program aims to take the pressure off teachers by providing for continuous assessment throughout the term. Not only are teachers continually
- [This Week in Australian History](https://openstem.com.au/2018/06/08/this-week-in-australian-history) - Today we introduce a new category for OpenSTEM® Blog articles: "This Week in Australian History". So many important dates in Australian history seem to become forgotten over time that there seems to be a need to highlight some of these from time to time. For teachers of students from Foundation/Prep/Kindy to Year 6 looking for
- [Nellie Bly - investigative journalist extraordinaire!](https://openstem.com.au/2018/05/22/nellie-bly-investigative-journalist-extraordinaire) - May is the birth month of Elizabeth Cochrane Seaman, better known as "Nellie Bly". Here at OpenSTEM, we have a great fondness for Nellie Bly - an intrepid 19th century journalist and explorer, who emulated Jules Verne's fictional character, Phileas Fogg, in racing around the world in less than 80 days in 1889/1890. Not only
- [Be Gonski Ready!](https://openstem.com.au/2018/04/30/be-gonski-ready) - Gonski is in the news again with the release of the Gonski 2.0 report. This is most likely to impact on schools and teachers in a range of ways from funding to curriculum. Here at OpenSTEM we can help you to be ahead of the game by using our materials, which are already Gonski-ready!
- [NAPLAN and vocabulary](https://openstem.com.au/2018/04/20/naplan-and-vocabulary) - It is the time of year when the thoughts of teachers of students in years 3, 5, 7 and 9 turn (not so) lightly to NAPLAN. I'm sure many of you are aware of the controversial review of NAPLAN by Les Perelman, a retired professor from MIT in the United States. Perelman conducted a similar
- [Australia and the Commonwealth Games](https://openstem.com.au/2018/04/15/australia-and-the-commonwealth-games) - Australia has been doing exceptionally well at the 2018 Commonwealth Games, held at the Gold Coast, Queensland. We can be very proud of our athletes, not only for their sporting prowess, but also because of their friendly demeanour and wonderful examples of the spirit of sportsmanship. I'm sure we all felt proud when the Australian
- [New Mirobot v3 arrival in Australia](https://openstem.com.au/2018/03/26/new-mirobot-v3-arrival-in-australia) - Here's our batch of brand new Mirobot v3 kits on their arrival in Australia, dozens stacked. Since the v3 have a neat acrylic frame, I think I'll do a proper "unboxing" and first build video of one soon, so you can see for yourself what this is about. Many classes of year 5 and 6
- [Vale Stephen Hawking](https://openstem.com.au/2018/03/16/vale-stephen-hawking) - Stephen Hawking was born on the 300th anniversary of Galileo Galilei's death (8 March 1942), and died on the anniversary of Albert Einstein's birth (14 March). Having both reached the age of 76, Hawking actually lived a few months longer than Einstein, in spite of his health problems. By the way, what do you call it when
- [Amelia Earhart in the news](https://openstem.com.au/2018/03/09/amelia-earhart-in-the-news) - Recently Amelia Earhart has been in the news once more, with publication of a paper by an American forensic anthropologist, Richard Jantz. Jantz has done an analysis of the measurements made of bones found in 1940 on the island of Nikumaroro Island in Kiribati. Let's quickly recap the mystery surrounding Amelia Earhart
- [At Mercy of the Weather](https://openstem.com.au/2018/02/26/at-mercy-of-the-weather) - It is the time of year when Australia often experiences extreme weather events. February is renowned as the hottest month and, in some parts of the country, also the wettest month. It often brings cyclones to our coasts and storms, which conversely enough, may trigger fires as lightening strikes the hot, dry bush. Aboriginal people
- [Australia at the Olympics](https://openstem.com.au/2018/02/16/australia-at-the-olympics) - The modern Olympic games were started by Frenchman Henri de Baillot-Latour to promote international understanding. The first games of the modern era were held in 1896 in Athens, Greece. Australia has competed in all the Olympic games of the modern era, although our participation in the first one was almost by chance.
- [Australia Day in the early 20th century](https://openstem.com.au/2018/02/09/australia-day-in-the-early-20th-century) - Australia Day and its commemoration on 26 January, has long been a controversial topic. This year has seen calls once again for the date to be changed. Similar calls have been made for a long time. As early as 1938, Aboriginal civil rights leaders declared a "Day of Mourning" to highlight issues in the Aboriginal
- [Welcome Back!](https://openstem.com.au/2018/02/02/welcome-back) - Well, most of our schools are back, or about to start the new year. Did you know that there are schools using OpenSTEM materials in every state and territory of Australia? Our wide range of resources, especially those on Australian history, give detailed information about the history of all our states and territories. We pride
- [Celebration Time!](https://openstem.com.au/2017/12/15/celebration-time) - Here at OpenSTEM we have a saying "we have a resource on that" and we have yet to be caught out on that one! It is a festive time of year and if you're looking for resources reflecting that theme, then here are some suggestions
- [Happy Holidays, Queensland!](https://openstem.com.au/2017/12/08/happy-holidays-queensland) - It's finally holidays in Queensland! Yay! Congratulations to everyone for a wonderful year and lots of hard work! Hope you all enjoy a well-earned rest! Most other states and territories have only a week to go, but the holiday spirit is in the air.- Should you be looking for help with resources, rest assured that
- [This Week in HASS - term 4, week 9](https://openstem.com.au/2017/12/01/this-week-in-hass-term-4-week-9) - Generally a time for celebrations and looking back over the highlights of the year - which is reflected in the activities for the final lessons
- [This Week in HASS - term 4, week 8](https://openstem.com.au/2017/11/24/this-week-in-hass-term-4-week-8) - Well, the end of term is in sight! End of year reporting is in full swing and the Understanding Our World® activities are designed to keep students engaged
- [This Week in HASS - term 4, week 7](https://openstem.com.au/2017/11/17/this-week-in-hass-term-4-week-7) - This week our younger students are preparing for their play/ role-playing presentation, whilst older students are practising a full preferential count to determine the outcome of their Class Election. Foundation/Prep/Kindy to Year 3 Our youngest students in Foundation/Prep/Kindy (Unit F.4) and integrated classes with Year 1 (Unit F-1.4) are working on the costumes, props and
- [This Week in HASS - term 4, week 6](https://openstem.com.au/2017/11/10/this-week-in-hass-term-4-week-6) - This week our youngest students are starting work on their Class Play, slightly older students are choosing a family group from around the world for a role play activity and our oldest students are holding a Class Election! What an activity-filled week! Foundation/Prep/Kindy to Year 3 Our youngest students in standalone Foundation/Prep/Kindy classes (Unit F.4)
- [This Week in HASS - term 4, week 5](https://openstem.com.au/2017/11/04/this-week-in-hass-term-4-week-5) - Halfway through the last term of the year already! This week our youngest students consider museums as a place to learn about the past. Slightly older students are learning about the states and territories of Australia, as well as their representative birds and animals. Older students are in throes of their class election campaign, preparing
- [Election Activity Bundle](https://openstem.com.au/2017/10/31/election-activity-bundle) - We have materials on elections and the Australian electoral system for you, aligned with Civics & Citizenship Australian Curriculum in Years 4, 5 and 6.
- [Happy Teachers' Day](https://openstem.com.au/2017/10/27/happy-teachers-day) - OpenSTEM would like to extend warm congratulations to all teachers on Teachers' Day!! We salute you all for the wonderful job you do for all students every day, often without thanks or praise. It is not lightly that people say "If you can read this, thank a teacher". Teachers truly are the force that shapes
- [This Week in HASS - term 4, week 4](https://openstem.com.au/2017/10/27/this-week-in-hass-term-4-week-4) - This week our youngest students are looking at Aboriginal Places, while slightly older students are comparing Australia to other places around the world. Our older students are starting their class election segment of work, covering several parts of the Civics and Citizenship, as well as the History, curricula. Foundation/Kindy/Prep to Year 3 Students in Foundation/Kindy/Prep
- [This Week in HASS - term 4, week 3](https://openstem.com.au/2017/10/20/this-week-in-hass-term-4-week-3) - This week our youngest students are looking at special places locally and around Australia, slightly older students are considering plants and animals around the world, while our older students are studying aspects of diversity in Australia. Foundation/Prep/Kindy to Year 3 Students in standalone Foundation/Prep/Kindy (Unit F.4) and combined classes with Year 1 (F-1.4) are thinking
- [Bebras Computational Thinking Challenge](https://openstem.com.au/2015/08/26/bebras-computational-thinking-challenge) - Bebras is an international initiative whose goal is to promote computational thinking for teachers and students (ages 8-17 / school years 3-12). Bebras is aligned with and supports the new Australian Digital Technologies Curriculum. Bebras Australia is run by NICTA under the Digital Careers program, funded by the Australian Government as represented by the Department of Communications.
- [Thinking Outside the Quadrilateral](https://openstem.com.au/2015/01/27/thinking-outside-the-quadrilateral) - Insightful: http://www.buzzfeed.com/jobarrow/think-outside-the-quadrilateral The common answer would be that the the student who wrote the answer below is "clearly wrong". But are they? Different people think in different ways. For instance, some think in a very literal way. Simply declaring this wrong would be missing the very important point of what's actually going on. Students would
- [This Week in HASS - term 1, week 9](https://openstem.com.au/2017/03/28/this-week-in-hass-term-1-week-9) - The last week of our first unit - time to wrap up, round off, finish up any work not yet done and to perhaps get a preliminary taste of what's to come in future units. Easter holidays are just around the corner. Our youngest students are having a final discussion about celebrations; slightly older students are finishing
- [This Week in HASS, term 2 week 5](https://openstem.com.au/2017/05/15/this-week-in-hass-term-2-week-5) - NAPLAN's over and it's time to sink our teeth into the main body of curriculum work before mid-year reporting rolls around. Our younger students are using all their senses to study the environment and local area around them, whilst our older students are hard at work on their Explorer projects. Foundation/Prep/Kindy to Year 3 Unit F.2
- [This Week in HASS - term 4, week 2](https://openstem.com.au/2017/10/13/this-week-in-hass-term-4-week-2) - This week our youngest students are looking at transport in the past, slightly older students consider places that are special to people around the world and our oldest students are considering reasons why people might leave their homes to become migrants. Foundation/Prep/Kindy to Year 3 Students in standalone Foundation/Prep/Kindy classes (Unit F.4), as well as
- [This Week in HASS - term 4, week 1](https://openstem.com.au/2017/10/06/this-week-in-hass-term-4-week-1) - students kept engaged with interesting material, teachers can relax, knowing that all curriculum-relevant material is covered by the middle of the term
- [Stone Axes and Aboriginal Stories from Victoria](https://openstem.com.au/2017/10/02/stone-axes-and-aboriginal-stories-from-victoria) - In the most recent edition of Australian Archaeology there is a paper examining the exchange of stone axes in Victoria and correlating these with Aboriginal stories
- [What Makes Humans Different From Most Other Mammals?](https://openstem.com.au/2017/09/25/what-makes-humans-different-from-most-other-mammals) - Well, there are several things that makes us different from other mammals - although perhaps fewer than one might think.
- [Those Dirty Peasants!](https://openstem.com.au/2017/09/18/those-dirty-peasants) - It is fairly well known that many Europeans in the 17th, 18th and early 19th centuries did not follow the same routines of hygiene as we do today.
- [New Dates for Human Relative + 'Explorer Classroom' Resources](https://openstem.com.au/2017/09/14/new-dates-for-human-relative-explorer-classroom-resources) - During September, National Geographic is featuring the excavations of Homo naledi at Rising Star Cave in South Africa in their Explorer Classroom
- [Maths Challenge (Basic Operations)](https://openstem.com.au/2017/05/11/maths-challenge-basic-operations) - As we are working on expanding our resources in the Maths realm, we thought it would be fun to start a little game here. Remember "Letters and Numbers" on SBS? (Countdown in UK, Cijfers en Letters in The Netherlands and Belgium, originally Des Chiffres et des Lettres in France). The core rules for numbers game are: you get 6
- [Guess the Artefact #3](https://openstem.com.au/2017/09/11/guess-the-artefact-3) - This week's Guess the Artefact challenge centres around an artefact used by generations of school children. There are some adults who may even have used these themselves when they were at school. It is interesting to see if modern students can recognise this object and work out how it was used. The picture below comes
- [Space station trio returns to Earth: NASA’s Peggy Whitson racks up 665-day record | GeekWire](https://openstem.com.au/2017/09/06/space-station-trio-returns-to-earth-nasas-peggy-whitson-racks-up-665-day-record-geekwire) - https://www.geekwire.com/2017/space-station-trio-returns-earth-nasas-peggy-whitson-sets-665-day-record/ NASA astronaut Peggy Whitson and two other spacefliers capped off a record-setting orbital mission with their return from the International Space Station.
- [This Week in HASS - term 3, week 9](https://openstem.com.au/2017/09/04/this-week-in-hass-term-3-week-9) - OpenSTEM's ® Understanding Our World® Units are designed to cover 9 weeks of the term, because we understand that life happens.
- [This Week in HASS - term 3, week 8](https://openstem.com.au/2017/08/28/this-week-in-hass-term-3-week-8) - This week our younger students are putting together a Class Museum, while older students are completing their Scientific Report.
- [This Week in HASS - term 3, week 7](https://openstem.com.au/2017/08/21/this-week-in-hass-term-3-week-7) - This week students are starting the final sections of their research projects and Scientific Reports. Our younger students are also preparing to set up a Class Museum. Foundation/Prep/Kindy to Year 3 Our youngest students (Unit F.3) also complete a Scientific Report. By becoming familiar with the overall layout and skills associated with the scientific process
- [Arjen talking about 3D printing and learning](https://openstem.com.au/2014/03/05/arjen-talking-about-3d-printing-and-learning) - Interview by James Bromberger at Linux.conf.au (Perth, Jan 2014) with OpenSTEM's Arjen Lentz on the vision of RepRap project (Wikipedia page, RepRap project site) and its opportunities for education and general exploration. For more information on exploring 3D printing in education, read on.
- [This Week in HASS - term 3, week 6](https://openstem.com.au/2017/08/14/this-week-in-hass-term-3-week-6) - This week all our students are hard at work examining the objects they are using for their research projects. For the younger students these are objects that will be used to generate a Class Museum. For the older students, the objects of study relate to their chosen topic in Australian History. Foundation / Prep /
- [This Week in HASS - term 3, week 5](https://openstem.com.au/2017/08/07/this-week-in-hass-term-3-week-5) - This week students in all year levels are working on their research project for the term. Our youngest students are looking at items and pictures from the past, while our older students are collecting source material for their project on Australian history. Foundation/Prep/Kindy to Year 3 The focus of this term is an investigation into
- [This Week in HASS - term 3, week 2](https://openstem.com.au/2017/07/17/this-week-in-hass-term-3-week-2) - This week older students start their research projects for the term, whilst younger students are doing the Timeline Activity. Our youngest students are thinking about the places where people live and can join together with older students as buddies to Build A Humpy together. Foundation/Prep/Kindy to Year 3 Students in stand-alone Foundation/Prep/Kindy classes (Unit F.3),
- [This Week in HASS - term 3, week 4](https://openstem.com.au/2017/07/31/this-week-in-hass-term-3-week-4) - This week younger students start investigating how we can find out about the past. This investigation will be conducted over the next 3 weeks and will culminate in a Scientific Report. Older students are considering different sources of historical information and how they will use these sources in their research. Foundation/Prep/Kindy to Year 3 Students
- [This Week in HASS - term 3, week 3](https://openstem.com.au/2017/07/24/this-week-in-hass-term-3-week-3) - This week our youngest students are playing games from different places around the world, in the past. Slightly older students are completing the Timeline Activity. Students in Years 4, 5 and 6 are starting to sink their teeth into their research project for the term, using the Scientific Process. Foundation/Prep/Kindy to Year 3 This week
- [New Dates for Earliest Archaeological Site in Aus!](https://openstem.com.au/2017/07/20/new-dates-for-earliest-archaeological-site-in-aus) - This morning news was released of a date of 65,000 years for archaeological material at the site of Madjedbebe rock shelter
- [This Week in HASS - term 3, week 1](https://openstem.com.au/2017/07/10/this-week-in-hass-term-3-week-1) - Today marks the start of a new term in Queensland, although most states and territories have at least another week of holidays, if not more.
- [The Science of Cats](https://openstem.com.au/2017/07/03/the-science-of-cats) - Ah, the comfortable cat! Most people agree that cats are experts at being comfortable and getting the best out of life, with the assistance of their human friends - but how did this come about? Geneticists and historians are continuing to study how cats and people came to live together and how cats came to
- [Guess the Artefact! - #2](https://openstem.com.au/2017/06/26/guess-the-artefact-2) - Today's Guess the Artefact! covers one of a set of artefacts which are often found confusing to recognise. We often get questions about these artefacts, from students and teachers alike, so here's a chance to test your skills of observation. Remember - all heritage and archaeological material is covered by State or Federal legislation and
- [HASS Additional Activities](https://openstem.com.au/2017/06/19/hass-additional-activities) - OK, so you've got the core work covered for the term and now you have all those reports to write and admin to catch up on. Well, the OpenSTEM™ Understanding Our World® HASS plus Science material has heaps of activities which help students to practise core curricular skills and can keep students occupied. Here are
- [This Week in HASS - term 2, week 9](https://openstem.com.au/2017/06/12/this-week-in-hass-term-2-week-9) - The OpenSTEM™ Understanding Our World® units have only 9 weeks per term, so this is the last week! Our youngest students are looking at some Aboriginal Places; slightly older older students are thinking about what their school and local area were like when their parents and grandparents were children; and students in years 3 to 6
- [This Week in HASS - term 2, week 8](https://openstem.com.au/2017/06/05/this-week-in-hass-term-2-week-8) - This week we are starting into the last stretch of the term. Students are well into their final sections of work. Our youngest students are thinking about how we care for places, slightly older students are displaying their posters and older students are giving their presentations. Foundation/Prep/Kindy to Year 3 Our youngest students doing the
- [This Week in HASS - term 2, week 7](https://openstem.com.au/2017/05/29/this-week-in-hass-term-2-week-7) - This week students are starting to round off their main body of assessable work for the term. Older students are completing and starting to present their presentations, while younger students have posters and models to finish off. Foundation/Prep/Kindy to Year 3 Students in our stand-alone Foundation/Prep/Kindy unit (F.2) are continuing to explore with their senses
- [Borrowing a Pencil](https://openstem.com.au/2017/05/19/borrowing-a-pencil) - Student: Can I borrow a pencil? Teacher: I don't know. Can you? Student: Yes. I might add that colloquial irregularities occur frequently in any language. Since you and the rest of our present company understood perfectly my intended meaning, being particular about the distinctions between "can" and "may" is purely pedantic and arguably pretentious. Teacher:
- [This Week in HASS - term 2, week 6](https://openstem.com.au/2017/05/22/this-week-in-hass-term-2-week-6) - This week students doing the Understanding Our World® program are exploring their environment and considering indigenous peoples. Younger students are learning about local history and planning a poster on a local issue. Older students are studying indigenous peoples around the world. All the students are working strongly on their main pieces of assessment for the
- [Get a 50% discount during NAPLAN week 2017](https://openstem.com.au/2017/05/09/get-a-50-discount-during-naplan-week-2017) - That's right. Use the NAPLAN17 coupon code to receive a 50% discount on any base PDF resource, teacher unit bundle or subscription during this NAPLAN week, up to Sunday 14th May 2017. This offer is valid for anyone: existing and new customers, subscribers, and there are no other restrictions. Why? Well, as you know we
- [Assessments](https://openstem.com.au/2017/05/12/assessments) - Well, NAPLAN is behind us for another year and so we can all concentrate on curriculum work again! This year we have updated our assessment material to make it even easier to map the answers in the Student Workbooks with the curriculum codes. Remember, our units integrate across several curriculum areas. The model answers now
- [This Week in HASS - term 2, week 4](https://openstem.com.au/2017/05/08/this-week-in-hass-term-2-week-4) - It's NAPLAN week and that means time is short! Fortunately, the Understanding Our World™ program is based on 9 week units, which means that if you run out of time in any particular week, it's not a disaster. Furthermore, we have made sure that there is plenty of catch-up time within the lessons, so that
- [This Week in HASS - term 2, week 3](https://openstem.com.au/2017/05/01/this-week-in-hass-term-2-week-3) - This week all of our students start to get into the focus areas of their units. For our youngest students that means starting to examine their "Favourite Place" - a multi-sensory examination which help them to explore a range of different kinds of experiences as they build a representation of their Favourite Place. Students in
- [This Week in HASS - term 2, week 2](https://openstem.com.au/2017/04/24/this-week-in-hass-term-2-week-2) - It is hoped that by now all the school routine is shaking back down into place. No doubt you've all got ANZAC Day marked on your class calendars, and this may be a good time to revisit some of the celebrations with the younger students. This week our younger students are looking at types of homes
- [Celebrating explorers!](https://openstem.com.au/2016/06/14/celebrating-explorers) - We continue publishing resources on explorers, a very diverse range from around the world and throughout time. Of course James Cook was an interesting person, but isn't it great to also offer students an opportunity to investigate some other people that they hadn't yet heard the name of? It is good to show the diversity and how
- [This Week in HASS - term 2, week 1](https://openstem.com.au/2017/04/18/this-week-in-hass-term-2-week-1) - Welcome to the new school term, and we hope you all had a wonderful Easter! Many of our students are writing NAPLAN this term, so the HASS program provides a refreshing focus on something different, whilst practising skills that will help students prepare for NAPLAN without even realising it! Both literacy and numeracy are foundation
- [Staying safe during Cyclone Debbie](https://openstem.com.au/2017/03/30/staying-safe-during-cyclone-debbie) - We hope all teachers and students are safe in the areas of Queensland and New South Wales affected by the cyclone weather! We understand that many state schools (any South of Agnes Water to Northern New South Wales) are closed today, the radar shows a very large rain front coming through. Near Brisbane it's been raining for
- [Trying an OpenSTEM unit without a subscription](https://openstem.com.au/2017/03/26/trying-an-openstem-unit-without-a-subscription) - We have received quite a few requests for this option, so we've made it possible. As we understand it, in many cases an individual teacher wants to try our materials (often on behalf of the school, as a trial) but the teacher has to fund this from their classroom budget, so we appreciate they need to limit their
- [Guess the Artefact!](https://openstem.com.au/2017/03/23/guess-the-artefact) - Today we are announcing a new challenge for our readers - Guess the Artefact! We post pictures of an artefact and you can guess what it is.
- [This Week in HASS - term 1, week 8](https://openstem.com.au/2017/03/20/this-week-in-hass-term-1-week-8) - As we move into the final weeks of term, and the Easter holiday draws closer, our youngest students are looking at different kinds of celebrations in Australia. Students in years 1 to 3 are looking at their global family and students in years 3 to 6 are chasing Aunt Madge around the world, being introduced
- [This Week in HASS - term 1, week 3](https://openstem.com.au/2017/02/14/this-week-in-hass-term-1-week-3) - This is a global week in HASS for primary students. Our youngest students are marking countries around the world where they have family members, slightly older students are examining the Mayan calendar, while older students get nearer to Australia, examining how people reached Australia and encountered its unique wildlife. Foundation to Year 3 Foundation students
- [St Patrick's Day 2017 - and a free resource on Irish in Australia](https://openstem.com.au/2017/03/17/st-patricks-day-2017-and-a-free-resource-on-irish-in-australia) - Happy St Patrick's day! And "we have a resource on that" - that is, on the Irish in Australia and the major contributions they made since the very beginning of the colonies. You can get that lovely 5 page resource PDF for free if you check out using coupon code TRYARESOURCE. It's an option we've recently put in place
- [This Week in HASS - term 1, week 7](https://openstem.com.au/2017/03/13/this-week-in-hass-term-1-week-7) - This week our youngest students are looking in depth at different types of celebrations; slightly older students are examining how people got around in the 'Olden Days'; and our older primary students have some extra time to finish their activities from last week. Foundation to Year 3 In the stand-alone Foundation (Prep) unit (F.1), students are
- [Oceanography and the Continents](https://openstem.com.au/2017/03/08/oceanography-and-the-continents) - Marie Tharp (30 July, 1920 - 23 August, 2006) was an oceanographer and cartographer who mapped the oceans of the world. She worked with Bruce Heezen, who collected data on a ship, mapping the ocean floor. Tharp turned the data into detailed maps. At that time women were not allowed to work on research ships,
- [Am I a Neanderthal?](https://openstem.com.au/2017/03/15/am-i-a-neanderthal) - The whole question of how Neanderthals are related to us (modern humans) has been controversial ever since the first Neanderthal bones were found in Germany in the 19th century. Belonging to an elderly, arthritic individual (a good example of how well Neanderthals cared for each other in social groups), the bones were reconstructed to show
- [Two Documentaries Introduce Delia Derbyshire, the Pioneer in Electronic Music | OpenCulture](https://openstem.com.au/2015/08/22/two-documentaries-introduce-delia-derbyshire-the-pioneer-in-electronic-music-openculture) - http://www.openculture.com/2015/07/two-documentaries-introduce-delia-derbyshire-the-pioneer-in-electronic-music.html With her buttoned-up style, work with the UN, and name like a plucky character in a certain English wizard series, Delia Derbyshire may not seem a likely pioneer of experimental electronic music.
- [People of ENIAC: early digital computer programmers](https://openstem.com.au/2016/02/13/people-of-eniac-early-digital-computer-programmers) - http://www.phillyvoice.com/70-years-ago-six-philly-women-eniac-digital-computer-programmers/ Without any real training, they learned what it took to make ENIAC work – and made it a humming success. Their contributions were overlooked for decades. ENIAC, one of the world's early digital computers (Colossus in the UK was earlier, for example), unveiled 70 years ago Sunday at the University of Pennsylvania, had six primary programmers:
- [Assemblers were once people: My aunt did it for NASA](https://openstem.com.au/2015/02/27/assemblers-were-once-people-my-aunt-did-it-for-nasa) - http://www.theregister.co.uk/2015/02/26/my_aunt_was_a_human_assembler_at_nasa/ Mark Pesce's aunt shook her head. “We were the assembler.” This is similar to "computer" originally being a job title. A gorgeous piece of history - read it!
- [Awesome Chemistry: Volcano Squid](https://openstem.com.au/2015/03/07/awesome-chemistry-volcano-squid) - Burning NH4Cr2O7 with HgSCN. Nicknamed "lucifer's squid" this experiment is actually two reactions taking place: the decomposition of ammonium dichromate which results in the jet black volcano. The second is the combustion of mercury (II) thiocyanate, which causes the enormous "tentacles" to appear from within the mound. By the sound of the kids in the
- [Girls in Maths and Science](https://openstem.com.au/2015/03/08/girls-in-maths-and-science) - In a piece on a new OECD study in The Guardian it is noted that school performance could be boosted by parents encouraging girls to consider careers involving subjects such as engineering and quoting the report directly: “Gender disparities in performance do not stem from innate differences in aptitude, but rather from students’ attitudes towards
- [Credit for the Work](https://openstem.com.au/2016/03/08/credit-for-the-work) - In our research for OpenSTEM material we often find (or rediscover) that the "famous" person we all know is not the person who actually first did whatever it was. This applies to inventors, scientists, explorers. Marco Polo was not the first to go East and hang out with the heirs of Genghis Khan, Magellan did not actually circumnavigate
- [Mildred Dresselhaus, the Queen of Carbon | NY Times](https://openstem.com.au/2017/02/28/mildred-dresselhaus-the-queen-of-carbon-ny-times) - "Dr. Dresselhaus, who helped transform carbon into the superstar of modern materials science, was renowned for her efforts to promote the cause of women in science." "Mildred (Millie) Dresselhaus, a professor emerita at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology whose research into the fundamental properties of carbon helped transform it into the superstar of modern materials
- [The Week in HASS - term 1, week 6](https://openstem.com.au/2017/03/06/the-week-in-hass-term-1-week-6) - HASS students have a global focus this week. The younger students are looking at calendars, celebrations and which countries classmates are connected to, around the world. Older students are starting to explore what happened at the end of the Ice Age and the beginnings of agriculture and trade. These students will also be applying the
- [Getting to know Homo erectus](https://openstem.com.au/2017/01/14/getting-to-know-homo-erectus) - Homo erectus was an ancient human ancestor that lived between 2 million and 100,000 to 50,000 years ago. It had a larger body and bigger brain than most earlier human ancestors. Although recent debates revolve around how we classify these fossils, and whether they should be broken down into lots of smaller sub-groups, it is
- [New Research on Our Little Cousins to the North!](https://openstem.com.au/2017/02/16/new-research-on-our-little-cousins-to-the-north) - Last year, several research papers were published on the ongoing excavations and analysis of material from the island of Flores in Indonesia.
- [This Week in HASS - term 1, week 5](https://openstem.com.au/2017/02/27/this-week-in-hass-term-1-week-5) - This week students are exploring a vast range of topics, across the year levels. From using a torch and a tennis ball to investigate how the Earth experiences Day and Night to case studies on natural disasters, celebrations and indigenous peoples, there is a broad range of topics to spark interest. Foundation to Year 3
- [This Week in HASS - term 1, week 4](https://openstem.com.au/2017/02/23/this-week-in-hass-term-1-week-4) - This week the Understanding Our World program for primary schools has younger students looking at time passing, both in their own lives and as marked by others, including the seasons recognised by different Aboriginal groups. Older students are looking at how Aboriginal people interacted with the Australian environment, as it changed at the end of
- [Librarians take up arms against fake news | Seattle Times](https://openstem.com.au/2017/02/11/librarians-take-up-arms-against-fake-news-seattle-times) - Librarians are stepping into the breach to help students become smarter evaluators of the information that floods into their lives. That’s increasingly necessary in an era in which fake news is a constant. Read more: http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/librarians-take-up-arms-against-fake-news
- [This Week in HASS: term 1 week 2](https://openstem.com.au/2017/02/10/this-week-in-hass-term-1-week-2) - Foundation to Year 3 Our standalone Foundation (Prep/Kindy etc) students are introduced to the World Map this week, as they start putting stickers on it, showing where in the world they and their families come from - the origin of the title of this unit (Me and My Global Family). This helps students to feel
- [This Week in HASS: term 1 week 1](https://openstem.com.au/2017/02/02/this-week-in-hass-term-1-week-1) - We thought it would be fun to track what's happening in schools using our primary HASS program, on a weekly basis. Now we know that some of you are doing different units and some will start in different weeks, depending on what state you're in, what term dates you have etc, but we will run
- [Growth fun: stock of physical resources](https://openstem.com.au/2016/11/18/growth-fun-stock-of-physical-resources) - It's most enjoyable being part of a growing company that's helping to make a real difference for students and our future generation. For our physical resources, we purposely don't keep large stock as that would make things prohibitively expensive. The trade-off is that we can't always do instant shipments. Typically, we do order in new items when we're running
- [Upcoming free event in Brisbane (24 November): Understanding Our World – showcase @ Seville (Holland Park)](https://openstem.com.au/2016/11/03/upcoming-free-event-in-brisbane-24-november-understanding-our-world-showcase-seville-holland-park) - At the start of 2016, Seville Road State School replaced their existing History and Geography units with the integrated Understanding Our World HASS + Science materials developed by OpenSTEM. As this school year draws to a close, we’d like to invite you to come and celebrate the marvellous outcomes that the students and teachers have
- [The rise and fall of the Gopher protocol | MinnPost](https://openstem.com.au/2016/08/14/the-rise-and-fall-of-the-gopher-protocol-minnpost) - Twenty-five years ago, a small band of programmers from the University of Minnesota ruled the internet. And then they didn’t.
- [Remembering Seymour Papert](https://openstem.com.au/2016/08/04/remembering-seymour-papert) - Today we're remembering Seamour Papert as we've received news that he died a few days ago (31st July 2016) at the age of 88.
- [Australia moves fast: North-West actually](https://openstem.com.au/2016/07/29/australia-moves-fast-north-west-actually) - It appears that every year, Australia moves 11 centimetres West and 7 centimetres North. For a tectonic plate, that's very fast.
- [Conversations on Collected Health Data](https://openstem.com.au/2016/07/21/conversations-on-collected-health-data) - Start a conversation with your students about who owns (or should own) health data collected by devices and companies, and what rights people should have.
- [Swiss Professor starts Cybathlon](https://openstem.com.au/2016/07/04/swiss-professor-starts-cybathlon) - The Cybathlon will challenge assistive device developers to create technologies that thrive in day-to-day activities. While working as a professor in the sensory-motor systems lab at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich (ETH), Robert Riener noticed a need for assistive devices that would better meet the challenge of helping people with daily life.
- [Use your Electoral Right to Vote](https://openstem.com.au/2016/07/01/use-your-electoral-right-to-vote) - Did you know... In 1863, the state of Victoria allowed everyone on the municipal rolls to vote, which included women; who voted in the 1864 general election. This was regarded as a mistake by the men in government, and the law was changed to exclude women in 1865. It then took another 40 years before women got the
- [New shirts for OpenSTEM people](https://openstem.com.au/2016/04/11/new-shirts-for-openstem-people) - Horays, our new polo shirts have arrived! We're very happy with how they came out with the embroidered owl logo. We go out & about quite a bit to schools and other events, so it's useful to be easily recognisable in those environments. The shirts standardise that effort and the colour scheme matches our branding very well. On
- [OpenSTEM Robotics at Seville Rd on Ten News](https://openstem.com.au/2016/04/12/openstem-robotics-at-seville-rd-on-ten-news) - Seville Road State School and OpenSTEM got coverage on Channel TEN News yesterday afternoon with the Robotics Program, in their "TEN at Schools" segment. Good exposure for a great school.
- [PDF previews](https://openstem.com.au/2016/04/20/pdf-previews) - Our PDFs (from base resources to teacher handbooks and student workbooks) now each have one or two preview pages visible on their product page. All have page 1, and those with four pages or more also have page 4 available for preview from your browser. The example below is just a thumbnail, the actual pages
- [OpenSTEM 3D Printing and Robotics @ Kilcoy Show](https://openstem.com.au/2016/04/18/openstem-3d-printing-and-robotics-kilcoy-show) - Last Friday and Saturday we had a great time at the Kilcoy Show (that's a few hours North of Brisbane), showing visitors 3D printing in action and answering lots of questions on that topic - we actually printed some HO-scale train gear and miniature sheep for our model railway neighbours at the show! We also let kids have
- [Launch of OpenSTEM Digital Technologies Program](https://openstem.com.au/2016/04/14/launch-of-openstem-digital-technologies-program) - As promised, we delivered the OpenSTEM Digital Technologies Program for Primary Schools (F-6) to schools and individual teachers who already signed up: initial units for each year level, resource PDFs and activities, free software, a board game, optional incursions and workshops and other useful resources. “Our goal is to make sure our students are at
- [New Viking Site in North America](https://openstem.com.au/2016/04/02/new-viking-site-in-north-america) - The Vikings were the first Europeans to reach North America, more than 1000 years ago. The Vikings established settlements and traded with indigenous people in North America for about 400 years, finally abandoning the continent less than 100 years before Columbus' voyage. The story of the Vikings' exploits in North America provides not only additional
- [Substance over Assumptions: Use of Technology in Education | Eric Sheninger](https://openstem.com.au/2016/03/31/substance-over-assumptions-use-of-technology-in-education-eric-sheninger) - http://esheninger.blogspot.com.au/2016/03/substance-over-assumptions-and.html "When integrating technology there needs to be a Return on Instruction (ROI) that results in evidence of improved student learning outcomes." — Eric Sheninger For educational technology to be fully embraced as a powerful teaching and learning tool there must be a focus on substance over assumptions and generalizations. There is a great deal
- [Soldering: if it smells like chicken, you're holding it wrong!](https://openstem.com.au/2016/03/23/soldering-if-it-smells-like-chicken-youre-holding-it-wrong) - This T-shirt sums up soldering basics quite well. Funny too. But I hear you say, surely you don't need to really explain that? I'd agree, and in our experience with soldering with primary school students in classrooms, we've never had any such fuss. However, in stock photography, we find the following "examples"... This stock photo model (they
- [Piece of Pi History and Early Approximations](https://openstem.com.au/2016/03/14/piece-of-pi-history-and-early-approximations) - Did you know that the pi symbol (π) was only introduced in 1706, William Jones (1675-1749) used it in his Synopsis palmariorum matheseos, most likely after the initial letter of the Ancient Greek περιφέρεια ‎(periphéreia), meaning periphery (the line around the circle). Before then, instead of π, the long Latin phrase "quantitas, in quam cum multiplicetur diameter, provenient circumferentia" had been
- [Ray Tomlinson - Inventor of Email - dies aged 74](https://openstem.com.au/2016/03/09/ray-tomlinson-inventor-of-email-dies-aged-74) - Ray Tomlinson (Amsterdam, New York state USA, 23 April 1941 - 5 March 2016) invented email in 1971. While working at a company in Massachusetts that had computers on the ARPANET (which morphed into the Internet we know), he thought it would be a good idea if employees were able to send messages to each other as
- [Tumour patient gets world's first 3D-printed vertebrae | ABC](https://openstem.com.au/2016/03/07/tumour-patient-gets-worlds-first-3d-printed-vertebrae-abc) - http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-02-22/tumour-patient-gets-worlds-first-3d-printed-vertebrae/7183132 An Australian neurosurgeon completed a world-first surgery, removing two cancer-riddled vertebrae at the top of his neck and replacing them with a 3D-printed (titanium) body part.
- [Wintergatan - Marble Machine (music instrument using 2000 marbles)](https://openstem.com.au/2016/03/03/wintergatan-marble-machine-music-instrument-using-2000-marbles) - A marvellous piece of engineering using mainly wood, 2000 marbles, some Lego technic bits, and some electronics. Hand-driven. Watch and enjoy! (4m30s) Marble Machine built and composed by Martin Molin Video filmed and edited by Hannes Knutsson
- [Leap Day Special: 50% off Family and Teacher Subscriptions!](https://openstem.com.au/2016/02/29/leap-day-special-50-off-family-and-teacher-subscriptions) - To celebrate the quirkiness of the leap day, we're doing a very special offer - just from 29 Feb 2016 until 1 Mar 2016! Get our Leap Years PDF Resource for free; Get a Private Family or One Teacher subscription at 50% discount for only $49.50 (that's for a whole year!) Further details below. Leap years are
- [Junior Primary Students Build Stonehenge Model](https://openstem.com.au/2016/02/26/junior-primary-students-build-stonehenge-model) - Just a few weeks ago junior primary students did the Building Stonehenge Activity, as part of our Integrated History/Geography Program for Primary. Seville Road State School on Brisbane's south-side kindly sent us a photo to show you. This class used wooden blocks they happened to have, other classes use collected cardboard boxes. Our materials are
- [Learning New Skills Faster | Washington Post](https://openstem.com.au/2016/02/22/learning-new-skills-faster-washington-post) - https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/02/12/how-to-learn-new-skills-twice-as-fast/ How to level up twice as quickly. The short version of the research outcome is that when you are learning new skills, just repeating the exact same task is not actually the most efficient. Making subtle changes in the task/routine speeds up the learning process. Considering our brains work and learn like neural nets (actually
- [School Starting Age: Age vs Outcomes](https://openstem.com.au/2016/02/16/school-starting-age-age-vs-outcomes) - This is such an important topic to raise and discuss - many countries are sending their little tiddlywinks to school earlier, and Australia has done this too. But does it actually improve outcomes? The following article from David Whitebread at Cambridge University already dates back to 2013. Noting several studies, he indicates that sending kids to
- [Gravitational waves have been detected, Einstein was right | Science Alert](https://openstem.com.au/2016/02/12/gravitational-waves-have-been-detected-einstein-was-right-science-alert) - http://www.sciencealert.com/live-update-big-gravitational-wave-announcement-is-happening-right-now After 100 years of searching, an international team of physicists has confirmed the existence of Einstein's gravitational waves, marking one of the biggest astrophysical discoveries of the past century. It's a huge deal, because it not only improves our understanding of how the Universe works, it also opens up a whole new way of
- [Curriculum Samples](https://openstem.com.au/2016/01/30/curriculum-samples) - Responding to popular request, we have now made our FREE sample resource PDFs available directly from a page: Curriculum Samples in our new Curriculum overview section. This means that you don't have to login or fill in any details to download these files. We make these free watermarked samples available at no charge so that you are
- [History and Geography for Primary program](https://openstem.com.au/2016/01/27/history-and-geography-for-primary-program) - OpenSTEM's History and Geography for Primary program provides an integrated curriculum implementation, which aims to provide holistic learning for students in both Key Learning Areas. By integrating History and Geography, not only is the level of engagement higher, as students are able to gain a more rounded understanding of processes in places through time, but the
- [Free Robotics Incursion in Brisbane Area](https://openstem.com.au/2016/02/01/free-robotics-incursion-in-brisbane-area) - If your school or homeschool group is based in our around the Brisbane area, we can visit with our robotic caterpillar and other critters as part of our FREE Robotics Incursion. The caterpillar has quickly become our main mascot, as students, teachers and parents take a liking to it! It is an autonomous robot, with a 3D
- [Introduction to Archaeology](https://openstem.com.au/2015/06/23/introduction-to-archaeology) - Claire Reeler has created a KhanAcademy style video about the basic methods used by archaeologists to construct "A Story of Our Time". Claire has been doing work with schools for some time (see also our 3D print of Homo Ergaster - we now have quite a few more!) and she is currently planning and developing
- [OSDC 2015 talk: Skulling Around - Hands on History](https://openstem.com.au/2016/01/09/osdc-2015-talk-skulling-around-hands-on-history) - Here's the video of Claire's talk at the Open Source Developers' Conference 2015 (November) in Hobart, TAS. Open source has opened up huge opportunities for archaeologists. As well as high quality tools for research, we can use open source to engage kids with the past. Addressing the new National Curriculum, we use 3D printed fossil
- [Archaeological Dig Experience](https://openstem.com.au/2015/12/16/archaeological-dig-experience) - In this new OpenSTEM workshop developed and run by our resident archaeologist Claire, we set up a mock archaeological dig in a sandpit (or long jump pit) so that students can get a taste of life as an archaeologist. History has never been so cool! Scientific Investigation Much more than just an interactive experience, we
- [On Teaching Programming](https://openstem.com.au/2015/09/29/on-teaching-programming) - Being involved with teaching young students to code, I have come to the tentative conclusion that many coding kids have not actually been taught programming. This has been going on for a while, so some of this cohort are now themselves teaching others. I have noticed that many people doing programming actually lack many of
- [The Robots Are Coming!](https://openstem.com.au/2015/11/23/the-robots-are-coming) - The first Mirobot v2 kits have arrived in Australia! Ben Pirt at Pirt Design & Technology in the UK has once again delivered a very neat product. OpenSTEM is the main distributor for Australia, because we regularly get in quite a few for schools and individual students anyhow. Most of our Mirobots are extra special, because
- [RCA Old Technology Video (1983)](https://openstem.com.au/2015/11/20/rca-old-technology-video-1983) - It's cool to look at past visions of the future, particularly those from companies in a sales/marketing context because they contain all the fabulous buzzwords from the time. Entitled RCA Video Monitors: The Future Is Now (1983), the below is a segment from an extremely rare CED videodisc sent to dealers telling them about the then
- [OpenSTEM robots visit Hobart primary school](https://openstem.com.au/2015/11/02/openstem-robots-visit-hobart-primary-school) - On our last day in Tasmania (after the OSDC conference, about which I'll do other posts shortly), Claire and I visited the wonderful Lauderdale Primary School in Hobart, where I did a version of our free Robotics Incursion with two year 5/6 classes, having a chat about robots, robotics, and more - and having our autonomous
- [George Boole Bicentenary Celebrations](https://openstem.com.au/2015/11/02/george-boole-bicentenary-celebrations) - Today is George Boole's 200th birthday. He lived from 2 November 1815 to 8 December 1864, so he was only 49 when he died! In 2015, University College Cork (Ireland) celebrates the bicentenary of George Boole's birth. Born in Lincoln, Boole was a mathematical genius who was largely self-taught. His appointment as the first Professor of Mathematics at
- [Mirobot v2 Robotics Kits and Soldering Kits Available](https://openstem.com.au/2015/10/22/mirobot-v2-robotics-kits-and-soldering-kits-available) - The Mirobot v2 logo turtle robotics kits will be here shortly. These are the updated version of the kits we have been using at primary schools (year 4-6) this year in our Robotics and Programming workshops. The new model doesn't require little pegs any more, the structure now holds itself together with a beautiful designed slot
- [How to Help Your Child Become a Maker | MakerKids](https://openstem.com.au/2015/10/20/how-to-help-your-child-become-a-maker-makerkids) - http://www.makerkids.com/#!How-To-Help-Your-Child-Become-a-Maker/dcsov/562094010cf2c3a4a7109d92 Let's say your child is currently a classic consumer - they love watching TV, reading books, but they don't really enjoy making things themselves. Or maybe they are making some things but it's not really technological. We think any kind of making is awesome, but one of our favourite kinds is the kind where
- [School for the Right Reason](https://openstem.com.au/2015/10/17/school-for-the-right-reason) - A beautiful and insightful song. I don't quite agree with the phrasing of the notes at the end, but I think I understand the obvious expression of frustration behind it. The things we learn at school, from maths and science to history, are useful - but they often get taught lacking context, and in a way that
- [NASA Confirms Signs of Water Flowing on Mars, Possible Niches for Life | NY Times](https://openstem.com.au/2015/09/29/nasa-confirms-signs-of-water-flowing-on-mars-possible-niches-for-life-ny-times) - http://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/29/science/space/mars-life-liquid-water.html Dark narrow streaks, up to a few hundred yards long, are seen along many slopes on Mars including Garni Crater. The identification of waterlogged salts in these streaks fits with the idea that they are formed by the underground flow of briny water that wets the surface.
- [UCI brain-computer interface enables paralyzed man to walk](https://openstem.com.au/2015/09/28/uci-brain-computer-interface-enables-paralyzed-man-to-walk) - http://news.uci.edu/health/uci-brain-computer-interface-enables-paralyzed-man-to-walk/ Proof-of-concept study shows possibilities for mind-controlled technology. [...] In the preliminary proof-of-concept study, led by UCI biomedical engineer Zoran Nenadic and neurologist An Do, a person with complete paralysis in both legs due to spinal cord injury was able – for the first time – to take steps without relying on manually controlled robotic
- [Trolling Self-Driving Cars](https://openstem.com.au/2015/09/24/trolling-self-driving-cars) - XKCD's Randall nails it beautifully, as usual... sure you can code around this particular "attack vector", but there are infinite possibilities... these are things we do have to consider along the way.
- [Building a Rope Bridge Using Quadcopters](https://openstem.com.au/2015/09/22/building-a-rope-bridge-using-quadcopters) - Or, how to do something really useful with these critters... Quadcopters are regularly in the news, as they're fairly cheap and lots of people are playing about with them and quite often creating a nuisance or even dangerous situations. I suppose it's a phase, but I don't blame people for wondering what positive use quadcopters
- [2015 Science in Society Journalism Awards winners announced](https://openstem.com.au/2015/09/11/2015-science-in-society-journalism-awards-winners-announced) - The winners of the 2015 Science in Society Journalism Awards have been announced. The awards are sponsored by the National Association of Science Writers (USA), which "fosters the dissemination of accurate information regarding science through all media normally devoted to informing the public". We see plenty of mis-information and plain bad science around, so it's very important
- [CONFIRMED: The Last Great Prediction Of The Big Bang! | Medium](https://openstem.com.au/2015/09/10/confirmed-the-last-great-prediction-of-the-big-bang-medium) - Seventy years ago, we had taken fascinating steps forward in our conception of the Universe. Rather than living in a Universe governed by absolute space and absolute time, we lived in one where space and time were relative, depending on the observer. We no longer lived in a Newtonian Universe, but rather one governed by
- [NASA releases 3D-printable models to the public | gizmag.com](https://openstem.com.au/2015/09/10/nasa-releases-3d-printable-models-to-the-public-gizmag-com) - http://www.gizmag.com/nasa-3d-printable-models/33116/ As part of its continuing program of education and outreach, NASA has released 22 printable models of NASA and European space probes, asteroids, and planetary landscapes for the hobbyist and space enthusiast. The 3D models are available from the NASA website for free and are printable on any desktop 3D printer using plastic filaments.
- [State of Electronics - Getting Started](https://openstem.com.au/2015/09/09/state-of-electronics-getting-started) - My friend Jon Oxer (Freetronics) contributed to a short film by Karl Moller (State of Electronics) about how different people (including well knowns such as Dick Smith) first became interested in electronics. Beautifully done, it's a worthwhile watch. Jon also writes about his first electronics experience: When I was in primary school, we all went
- [Caterpillar Gets Operation and Goes on Tour](https://openstem.com.au/2015/09/05/caterpillar-gets-operation-and-goes-on-tour) - Our robotic caterpillar mascot needed a little operation today: its middle horizontal servo had been acting up in recent weeks, so I replaced it. I'm happy to report it's made a full recovery! Later today we're visiting Chermside library (during their renovation they're currently located at North Regional Business Centre, 960 Gympie Road, opposite the
- [Song Lyrics Flow Chart](https://openstem.com.au/2015/09/04/song-lyrics-flow-chart) - I'm not a great fan of flow-charts when it comes to programming, but I reckon this one with the lyrics of the classic Beatles song Hey Jude is pretty cool: (click on the image to see it at full size) If you like that kind of geeky fun... a few years ago there was a
- [OpenSTEM at Open Source Developers' Conference 2015](https://openstem.com.au/2015/09/02/openstem-at-osdc2015) - Horays! Arjen and Claire are both selected to speak at the Open Source Developers' Conference 2015, scheduled for 27-29 October in beautiful Hobart, Tasmania: Disrupting the Classroom, in a Good Way (Arjen) Skulling Around: Hands-on History (Claire) OSDC is a great conference, low cost (about $300 including lunches and the conference dinner!) with a friendly, knowledgeable and
- [The Making of Elite (Video Game)](https://openstem.com.au/2015/08/31/the-making-of-elite-video-game) - I've written earlier that my first "real" computer was the Acorn BBC Micro. I did have a Sinclair ZX80 a bit before then, but that little machine only had 1KB of RAM and a very shabby flat touch keyboard. The Acorn BBC had a real properly clicky keyboard, vastly more RAM (32KB ;-) and twice
- [The Raspberry Pi is succeeding in ways its makers almost imagined | The Register](https://openstem.com.au/2015/08/28/the-raspberry-pi-is-succeeding-in-ways-its-makers-almost-imagined-the-register) - http://www.theregister.co.uk/2015/08/27/the_raspberry_pi_is_succeeding_in_ways_its_makers_ialmosti_imagined Mark Pesce writes about kids solving real world problems. They create code (programming) but these days it's not always necessarily about that. I think that makes sense. When I got into coding, it was quite hard to solve real world problems that way or interface with the real world. It's actually just a reflection
- [Coding a Topic in Parliament](https://openstem.com.au/2015/05/28/coding-a-topic-in-parliament) - Opposition leader Bill Shorten recently announced Labor's Plan for Coding in Schools. In a nutshell, A Shorten Labor Government will ensure that computer coding is taught in every primary and secondary school in Australia so the next generation have the skills they need for the jobs of the new economy. Coding is the literacy of
- [Solar Team Eindhoven presents vehicle that generates more power than it uses | ElectricAutosport.com](https://openstem.com.au/2015/08/19/solar-team-eindhoven-presents-vehicle-that-generates-more-power-than-it-uses-electricautosport-com) - http://www.electricautosport.com/2015/07/solar-team-eindhoven-presents-vehicle-that-generates-more-power-than-it-uses Solar Team Eindhoven presented Stella Lux, an intelligent, solar-powered family car that generates more power than it uses. Read all about it + photos + specs. Generating more power than you use is very beneficial in an electric car, as it means you'll be able to charge the batteries while driving - that is,
- [Press coverage for OpenSTEM Robotics Program at Grovely State School](https://openstem.com.au/2015/08/17/press-coverage-for-openstem-robotics-program-at-grovely-state-school) - A journalist and photographer from Brisbane's North-West News visited Grovely State School, providing this very nice write-up. This is a great acknowledgement of all the work and achievements by the students in the senior classes on electronics soldering, robotics and programming! It's been fabulous working with the students and staff at Grovely, and everybody is
- [The best person who ever lived is an unknown Ukrainian man | BoingBoing.net](https://openstem.com.au/2015/08/03/the-best-person-who-ever-lived-is-an-unknown-ukrainian-man-boingboing-net) - http://boingboing.net/2015/07/30/the-best-person-who-ever-lived.html Out of everyone who ever existed, who has done the most good for humanity? It's a difficult question. [...] In 1958, Viktor Zhdanov was a deputy minister of health for the Soviet Union. In May of that year, at the Eleventh World Health Assembly meeting in Minneapolis, Minnesota, during the Soviet Union’s first appearance
- [Homegrown NASA scientist wants Australia in the space race | SMH](https://openstem.com.au/2015/08/01/homegrown-nasa-scientist-wants-australia-in-the-space-race-smh) - http://www.smh.com.au/technology/sci-tech/homegrown-nasa-scientist-wants-australia-in-the-space-race-20150730-ginuom.html The Brisbane astrobiologist at the forefront of NASA's next mission to Mars has one regret in her stellar career - that she could not lead the charge to discover evidence of extraterrestrial life from her own country. Abigail Allwood, the co-leader of the coming Mars 2020 rover mission, said Australia would continue to lose
- [Open letter: we must stop killer robots before they are built | The Conversation](https://openstem.com.au/2015/07/29/open-letter-we-must-stop-killer-robots-before-they-are-built-the-conversation) - https://theconversation.com/open-letter-we-must-stop-killer-robots-before-they-are-built-44577 We need to ban offensive autonomous weapons - or 'killer robots' - before a new arms race to produce them begins. More than 1,000 of the leading researchers in artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics have today signed and published an open letter calling for a ban on offensive autonomous weapons, also known colloquially as
- [350th Anniversary of the World's First Scientific Journal](https://openstem.com.au/2015/07/04/350th-anniversary-of-the-worlds-first-scientific-journal) - Brady Haran of Objectivity Videos visits Sir Paul Nurse, President of the Royal Society to discuss the Society's "Philosophical Transactions" 350th anniversary: The world's first scientific journal. So its first edition is from 1665. It shows people's curiosity, sharing information and having it reviewed both before and after publication, building on each other's prior work,
- [First species of yeti crab from hydrothermal vent systems near Antarctica described](https://openstem.com.au/2015/06/25/first-species-of-yeti-crab-from-hydrothermal-vent-systems-near-antarctica-described) - http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/06/150624143150.htm The first species of yeti crab from hydrothermal vent systems of the East Scotia Ridge in the Southern Ocean, Antarctica, has been described. This Yeti Crab is famous for its body, which is densely covered by bristles -- known as setae -- and bacteria, giving it a fur-like appearance.
- [Scientists Just Invented the Neural Lace | Gizmodo](https://openstem.com.au/2015/06/17/scientists-just-invented-the-neural-lace-gizmodo) - http://gizmodo.com/scientists-just-invented-the-neural-lace-1711540938 In the Culture novels by Iain M. Banks, futuristic post-humans install devices on their brains called a “neural lace.” A mesh that grows with your brain, it’s essentially a wireless brain-computer interface. But it’s also a way to program your neurons to release certain chemicals with a thought. And now, there’s a neural lace
- [Periodic Table Element Videos on Ted-Ed](https://openstem.com.au/2015/05/19/periodic-table-element-videos-on-ted-ed) - TED-Ed has created a set of videos with complete lesson plans, quizzes, discussion and further research topics for each of the elements in the periodic table. They're called the Ted-Ed Periodic Videos. The online system also allows you to adapt the lessons to your own needs and re-share that. This looks like an awesome resource,
- [Queensland Junior Physics Olympiad 2015](https://openstem.com.au/2015/05/08/queensland-junior-physics-olympiad-2015) - The QLD Junior Physics Olympiad (known to the participants as JPhO) is an annual winter school holiday event at the University of Queensland, this year running in the week of 29 June - 3 July, for year 10 students with an interest in science and mathematics. Knowing people who have participated, and as a parent,
- [Mirobot v2 on Kickstarter](https://openstem.com.au/2015/04/28/mirobot-v2-on-kickstarter) - Once again developed by the awesome Ben Pirt, you can now pre-order version 2 of the Mirobot for delivery in November 2015. Just in time for Christmas! https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/bjpirt/mirobot-the-launch-of-the-wifi-robotics-kit-for-ch OpenSTEM uses the Mirobot turtle with students in primary schools doing soldering, assembling and introduction to programming, so we're very happy to recommend this. If you want
- [BBC gives children mini-computers in Make it Digital scheme | BBC](https://openstem.com.au/2015/04/01/bbc-gives-children-mini-computers-in-make-it-digital-scheme-bbc) - The BBC has launched its Make it Digital initiative with new hardware for schools and a raft of coding-based content. http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-31834927 This is a wonderful initiative - as I've written before, I grew up "next door to the UK" in The Netherlands, we received the BBC1 and BBC2 TV channels, and I managed to cajole
- [Beautiful model Airbus A310 flight](https://openstem.com.au/2015/03/24/beautiful-model-airbus-a310-flight) - From a 2011 hobby/model show in Germany. Very smooth demo including take-off and landing. Clearly a very light build (see specs below) otherwise they wouldn't have been able to have it fly so slowly (which makes it awesome). Of course, I want to see these things autonomous rather than remote controlled ;-) Specs: Type: Airbus
- [OpenSTEM Licensing Update](https://openstem.com.au/2015/03/15/openstem-licensing-update) - Just a quick note that we've updated our site/content Creative Commons license from Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0) to Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) Aside from being newer and more generic, we've removed the NC (non-commercial) restriction as it's essentially superfluous given the ShareAlike conditions, and simply a hindrance in many other respects.
- [On Pi Day, How Scientists Use This Number | NASA JPL](https://openstem.com.au/2015/03/14/on-pi-day-how-scientists-use-this-number-nasa-jpl) - http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=4508 The world celebrates the number pi on Pi Day: March 14, 2015 (3/14/15). Here's how pi is used in science and engineering. If you like numbers, you will love March 14, 2015. When written as a numerical date, it's 3/14/15, corresponding to the first five digits of pi (3.1415) -- a once-in-a-century coincidence! Pi
- [Jupiter's Moon Ganymede Has a Salty Ocean with More Water than Earth | Space.com](https://openstem.com.au/2015/03/14/jupiters-moon-ganymede-has-a-salty-ocean-with-more-water-than-earth-space-com) - http://www.space.com/28807-jupiter-moon-ganymede-salty-ocean.html Ganymede, Jupiter's largest moon, has a vast underground ocean of salty water, NASA scientists announced Thursday (March 12). The ocean on Ganymede was discovered with the Hubble Space Telescope.
- [Giving a Kid a Hand - Literally](https://openstem.com.au/2015/03/13/giving-a-kid-a-hand-literally) - Non-profit Limbitless Solutions, founded by student Albert Manero, has started a project #3DHope: changing lives through the design and distribution of 3D printed limbs. Below is a lovely video of Iron Man Robert Downey Jr giving an arm to a young boy. An awesome example of what the "opening up" of 3D printing technology (initiated by
- [Dawn Spacecraft Becomes First to Orbit a Dwarf Planet | NASA](https://openstem.com.au/2015/03/11/dawn-spacecraft-becomes-first-to-orbit-a-dwarf-planet-nasa) - http://www.nasa.gov/press/2015/march/nasa-spacecraft-becomes-first-to-orbit-a-dwarf-planet/index.html NASA's Dawn spacecraft has become the first mission to achieve orbit around a dwarf planet. The spacecraft was approximately 61,000 kilometres from Ceres when it was captured by the dwarf planet’s gravity at about 4:39 a.m. PST (7:39 a.m. EST) Friday. "Since its discovery in 1801, Ceres was known as a planet, then an
- [Open Source Earth Wind Patterns & Cyclone Marcia](https://openstem.com.au/2015/02/20/open-source-earth-wind-patterns-cyclone-marcia) - Cameron Beccario created a beautiful live visualisation of the Earth's wind, ocean and other weather patterns, using publicly available data. The full source code is all available at via Github - so a school could set up their own server for this and do all kinds of funky work! Live site is up at earth.nullschool.net
- [Rosetta zooms in on fascinating comet | CNET](https://openstem.com.au/2015/02/18/rosetta-zooms-in-on-fascinating-comet-cnet) - http://www.cnet.com/pictures/rosetta-gets-up-close-and-personal-with-comet-pictures/ A close flyby brought the Rosetta spacecraft to within just a few miles of the surface of Comet 67P for an eye-opening view of its boulder-littered surface (pictures)
- [Google boss warns of 'forgotten century' with email and photos at risk | The Guardian](https://openstem.com.au/2015/02/15/google-boss-warns-of-forgotten-century-with-email-and-photos-at-risk-the-guardian) - http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/feb/13/google-boss-warns-forgotten-century-email-photos-vint-cerf Digital material including key historical documents could be lost forever because programs to view them will become defunct, says Vint Cerf. [...] Inventing new technology is only half the battle, though. More difficult still could be navigating the legal permissions to copy and store software before it dies. When IT companies go out of
- [Lizard Moving From Eggs to Live Birth | National Geographic](https://openstem.com.au/2015/02/10/lizard-moving-from-eggs-to-live-birth) - A National Geographic news article from a few years ago, but awesomely interesting: Along the warm coastal lowlands of New South Wales, the yellow-bellied three-toed skink lays eggs to reproduce. But individuals of the same species living in the state's higher, colder mountains are almost all giving birth to live young. Evolutionary records show that
- [Finland scraps cursive writing lessons in schools | ABC](https://openstem.com.au/2015/02/04/finland-scraps-cursive-writing-lessons-in-schools-abc) - http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-02-03/finland-scraps-cursive-writing-lessons-in-schools/6066826 Finland is scrapping cursive writing lessons in schools from next year and will instead teach children how to type. On consideration, I think it's good to have this discussion. Of course students need to be able to write legibly, and at a fair speed. But cursive writing is not the only way to achieve
- [E.A.K. | Erase All Kittens](https://openstem.com.au/2015/01/29/e-a-k-erase-all-kittens) - E.A.K. (Erase All Kittens) is an online platform game that teaches kids (yes that's you!) to code and create on the web. It does this in a unique way - by encouraging hacking into levels, written in HTML and CSS (the languages of websites) - in order to complete the game. Now go forth and
- [Impressive Recovered Historical Archery Skill](https://openstem.com.au/2015/01/24/impressive-recovered-historical-archery-skill) - Meet Lars Andersen (Denmark) and the results of his research and practice:
- [Space Travel on Impulse Engines](https://openstem.com.au/2015/01/19/space-travel-on-impulse-engines) - A piece of Star Trek type technology appears to be closer to becoming reality, with the EMdrive mechanism now proven independently: Nasa validates 'impossible' space drive (wired.co.uk, July 2014) British scientist Roger Shawyer has been trying to interest people in his EmDrive for some years through his company SPR Ltd. Shawyer claims the EmDrive converts
- [Beagle 2: Interplanetary Lost & Found](https://openstem.com.au/2015/01/17/beagle-2-interplanetary-lost-found) - http://arstechnica.com/science/2015/01/lost-beagle-2-mars-lander-found-11-years-after-launch/ The UK-made Beagle 2 lander has been found on the surface of Mars more than a decade after it was thought to be lost forever. The 2003 launch was the result of a collaboration of UK academics, whose nifty lander rode to the Red Planet aboard the European Space Agency's (ESA) Mars Express spacecraft. By
- [Kano - make a computer](https://openstem.com.au/2015/01/14/kano-make-a-computer) - Interesting recent Kickstarter project: Kano. Uses Raspberry Pi as a basis, with a tweaked Linux that contains specific apps, on which various user challenges are based. There are a few recent projects that do similar things, we'll have to see which catch on (perhaps all!)
- [World's Simplest Electric Train](https://openstem.com.au/2014/12/18/worlds-simplest-electric-train) - Cool yet so simple: just a long copper coil, some small strong (rare earth - generally neodymium) magnets, and an AA or AAA battery to create a very simple engine.
- [Mum inquiring about kid's hacking ability](https://openstem.com.au/2014/12/07/mum-google-logo) - Funny, but... it's actually an indication of how little this parent understands about an environment that her kids are quite comfortable with and spend a great deal of time in - that is, computers and online. OpenSTEM is working on materials and workshops to assist parents (generally through schools) with getting to grips with this.
- [ArduBlock - Visual Arduino Programming](https://openstem.com.au/2014/12/01/ardublock-visual-arduino-programming) - ArduBlock is a visual drag&drop programming plugin for the Arduino IDE (integrated development environment - the usual tool we use for programming Arduino boards/chips). It acts as a tool plugin in the regular IDE - you install it by putting the ardublock.jar (Java) file in a specific subdirectory (depends on your operating system and configuration),
- [Surveying Computer Components: The Muppet Way](https://openstem.com.au/2014/11/26/surveying-computer-components-the-muppet-way)
- [Artificial Intelligence](https://openstem.com.au/2014/10/28/artificial-intelligence) - Artificial Intelligence (AI) is exciting and interesting to think about - many Science Fiction writers have explored the subject, and lots of movies exist. Author Ian M. Banks came up with The Culture, a symbiotic society of artificial intelligences (Minds and drones), humanoids and other alien species who all share equal status. Overall that works
- [Superfluid Helium - Zero Viscocity](https://openstem.com.au/2014/10/06/superfluid-helium-zero-viscocity) - Science is often surprising. Basic stuff runs on fairly simple "rules", but the simple rules don't cover everything - so when you see stuff that doesn't abide by the simple rules, you can't just ignore or dismiss what you see. To me, this is awesome rather than scary. It makes science extra cool. We generally
- [LibreOffice Code Quality](https://openstem.com.au/2014/09/29/libreoffice-code-quality) - Simon Phipps has written an article for InfoWorld about the latest code defect review of LibreOffice by Coverity. Coverity has tools to check computer program code for many faults. These tools are offered commercially (and thus used by vendors of proprietary software) but they are also specifically made available for Open Source projects. Every once
- [Power of Optics](https://openstem.com.au/2014/09/11/power-of-optics) - Let students set up something like this in a classroom, just with the gear that's around. You'll be amazed, and what an awesome learning experience. Let us be amazed too: send us a link to your video!
- [STEM in USA](https://openstem.com.au/2014/08/28/stem-in-usa) - See what our friends at STEM Center USA are up to! The gang there have developed awesome programs for schools using Robotics, Raspberry Pi, Arduino, as well as Lego. Great stuff.
- [3D printed custom vertebra](https://openstem.com.au/2014/08/26/3d-printed-custom-vertebra) - Of course 3D printing is cool and funky. But that's actually just a bonus that helps it get more attention and makes it easier to talk about. One other great thing is that with 3D printing now, one-offs - aka printing just one copy of a particular design - has become affordable. Previously, only a
- [The Age of the Nano Satellite](https://openstem.com.au/2014/08/18/the-age-of-the-nano-satellite) - This is so awesome. Building and deploying a satellite is now so much more accessible. Combine cheaper with open source technology, and you get brilliant educational opportunities, such as the ArduSat project mentioned earlier. Here is the link to an article that provides an overview of the various cheap satellite technologies currently used, and some
- [Young Driven Innovator](https://openstem.com.au/2014/07/11/young-driven-innovator) - Kelvin Doe in Sierra Leone. View his story: I used to hack around with electronics when I was a teen, yes FM transmitters too, but the stuff that Kelvin does is pretty amazing. He clearly has an intrinsic feel for how things work and how he can fit together what he has to make something
- [3D prints of early hominins: ergaster](https://openstem.com.au/2014/06/19/3d-prints-of-early-hominins-ergaster) - Meet Homo ergaster (also known as African Homo erectus), specifically specimen KNM-ER 3733. How cool is this? We think very cool. This is the same fossil you see a photo of all over the net. It's amazingly different when students can actually hold a print in their hands, and study it. And after that, you
- [Turing Test Milestone](https://openstem.com.au/2014/06/09/turing-test-milestone) - In 1950, legendary British computer scientist (and cryptologist!) Alan Turing devised a test. To pass, a computer program would have to hold a five minute text/keyboard conversation with humans and be so convincing that more than 30% of the interrogators would regard it as human. A program simulating a 13 year old named "Eugene Goostman"
- [Patience, Self-Regulation and IQ](https://openstem.com.au/2014/06/06/patience-self-regulation-and-iq) - Most of us appreciate that IQ is a fairly limited and somewhat stuffed measure, but finding effective alternatives is tricky. So here is one: self-regulation is a better predictor for success than IQ. Self-regulation is of course tightly linked to patience, and that's an important life skill. Unfortunately, life in 2014 doesn't teach patience. We
- [Kids React to Old Computers](https://openstem.com.au/2014/05/27/kids-react-to-old-computers) - Kids encounter an old Apple II computer with floppy drive. It's very insightful. They're part appalled, part intrigued. Yes, technology has progressed. But back then we did know what components made up a computer, we had an inkling (or more) of how it worked. And most kids now don't know, and I reckon that's a
- [Discrete Maths by Tim Berglund](https://openstem.com.au/2014/05/26/discrete-maths-by-tim-berglund) - This presentation was by Tim Berglund at OSCON 2013 (Portland, Oregon USA). Tim explores the branch of mathematics that deals with separate, countable things. Most of the math we learn in school deals with real-valued quantities like mass, length, and time. However, much of the work of the software developer deals with counting, combinations, numbers,
- [Welcome](https://openstem.com.au/2014/01/21/welcome) - Welcome @ OpenSTEM, where we work on collecting ideas and resources for exploring Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics with free (as in freedom) and open tools.
- [Australian ArduSat involvement by Jonathan Oxer ](https://openstem.com.au/2014/02/10/australian-ardusat-involvement-by-jonathan-oxer) - Jon presented an overview of the latest developments to the ArduSat project as part of his keynote presentation during linux.conf.au 2014 in Perth, Western Australia. Jon has been hacking on both hardware and software since he was a little tacker. Most recently he's been focusing more on the Open Hardware side, co-founding Freetronics as a

## Pages

- [Home](https://openstem.com.au/) - OpenSTEM develops practical, hands-on educational resources and complete programs that help students engage with Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics.
- [Diced Maths®](https://openstem.com.au/programs/diced-maths) - OpenSTEM™ Diced Maths™ are a new range of resources in the Mathematics subject area of the Australian Curriculum.
- [Licensing & Trademarks](https://openstem.com.au/about/licensing) - Program Materials OpenSTEM Pty Ltd understands that schools and families have financial constraints. We sell resources we produce, at a reasonable price. The terms laid out here enable us to continue this work. Instruction Manuals, Code and Course Materials will always clearly display their licensing - that is, whether and in what scope you are allowed to
- [Understanding Our World®](https://openstem.com.au/programs/understanding-our-world) - The Understanding Our World Program for Primary Schools is comprehensive, covering all of the version Australian Curriculum HASS + Science curricula
- [Curriculum Mapping](https://openstem.com.au/curriculum/curriculum-mapping) - On this page you find the curriculum mapping (in convenient PDF layout) for the different OpenSTEM™ program units. Note that a full set of units for a year level covers all of the Australian Curriculum requirements for that year (achievement standards with assessment). Understanding Our World® Integrated History/Geography (HASS) + Science Program for Primary Schools Combined Unit/Curriculum
- [Programs](https://openstem.com.au/programs) - OpenSTEM creates resources and complete programs for use in schools and other educational settings. Our flagship product: Understanding Our World HASS+Science.
- [Privacy & Security](https://openstem.com.au/about/privacy-security) - We always aim to keep your information secure, and will not share it with other parties except where required by law or where essential for our technical operations (as described here). Our website and email is managed by us directly (hosted on Linode, Binary lane, and our own servers) and we have in-house expertise for
- [Subscription Pricing](https://openstem.com.au/about/subscription-pricing) - All of OpenSTEM's materials including unit bundles are available for direct purchase. However, teachers and schools can save significantly with a subscription.
- [Contact](https://openstem.com.au/contact) - You can contact us via phone (1300 009 385), email, or the contact form.
- [Elearn](https://openstem.com.au/resources/elearn) - Well before the COVID-19 pandemic made working and schooling from home go mainstream, we already used OpenSTEM Elearn, our online training/classroom environment, powered by the BigBlueButton web conferencing system. If you're familiar with Blackboard Collaborate, you'll notice that while BBB looks somewhat similar, it loads much faster and doesn't require complicated Java installations (of a
- [Robotics Incursion (free)](https://openstem.com.au/programs/robotics-incursion) - We don't currently do incursions. The Robotics Incursion is suitable for Senior Primary (primarily year 5 and 6 students, year 4 students in a composite class is fine). We come to your school for approx 1.5 to 2 hours, and work with either one classroom or a few (often in the school hall, to have enough space). Note:
- [3D Printer Incursion (free)](https://openstem.com.au/programs/3d-printer-incursion) - We don't currently do incursions. The 3D Printer incursion is suitable for Senior Primary and Junior Secondary.We come to your school for approx 1.5 to 2 hours, and work with either one classroom or a few. Note: to maintain optimal interactivity, it is important that the group isn't too large (no more than 50 students). Content A 1.5h exploration of a
- [Archive](https://openstem.com.au/posts/archive) - [post_index]
- [People](https://openstem.com.au/about/people) - Who is at OpenSTEM, and other awesome people who help us. Arjen Lentz (Founder and Chief Explorer) Arjen has been fascinated by all aspects of STEM ever since he was little. From LEGO and Fischer Technik, to building his room's furniture and wiring up his room and fixing assorted household equipment, in the early 80s he
- [Frequently Asked Questions](https://openstem.com.au/about/faq) - How can I download resources I have already purchased? You log via the page at https://openstem.com.au/store/my-account Go to https://openstem.com.au/store/my-account/downloads From the list of resources that you have purchased, select the items you want; alternatively, if you scroll to the bottom there, you'll see an orange button with a "Select All" tickbox next to it; tick
- [Curriculum](https://openstem.com.au/curriculum) - Our comprehensive programs are complete implementations of the Australian Curriculum (with adjustments for the state-level variations).
- [Puzzles](https://openstem.com.au/puzzles) - We like puzzles. They are fun, and good for the mind! Feel free to re-post, as per our CC-BY-SA content license. For accessibility, we create our puzzles in the open SVG format. This means that vision impaired viewers can play too! We provide a PNG alternative also, but we do encourage you to use the
- [Puzzle 3: Find N](https://openstem.com.au/puzzles/p3) - [do-svg width="441px" height="311px" svg_path="https://openstem.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/OpenSTEM-puzzle-3-180623.svg" alt_path="https://openstem.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/OpenSTEM-puzzle-3-180623.png" alt="OpenSTEM-puzzle-3-180623"] Get the [SVG] | [PNG]
- [This Week in HASS + Science (F-6)](https://openstem.com.au/programs/understanding-our-world/this-week-in-hass) - Over 2017 we tracked on the OpenSTEM® blog what’s happening in schools using our primary HASS+Science program Understanding Our World® , on a week-by-week basis. Having now completed the whole set, we put it all in a table here so you can easily look things up and get an excellent overview of how the program
- [Monthly Newsletter](https://openstem.com.au/about/monthly-newsletter) - Stay informed about new resource PDFs, unit bundles, workshops, PD and other matters that make your teaching life easier! We call it our monthly newsletter to provide you with an extra assurance that we won't send out more than one newsletter per month - we don't want to cause an overload! Email Address First Name
- [Mirobot](https://openstem.com.au/resources/mirobot) - We use the Mirobot "logo turtle" in the OpenSTEM™ Robotics Program, and the Mirobot kits are also for sale in our store for people in Australia. This page contains a number of links to Mirobot resources, so it's a good page to bookmark if you have a Mirobot! Hints Only use 4 regular 1.5V AA batteries,
- [Robotics Program](https://openstem.com.au/programs/robotics-intro) - OpenSTEM Robotics Program has been fortunate to receive some printed press coverage (Grovely State School 2015) and was the focus of Channel TEN's news segment "TEN at Schools" at Seville Road State School (April 2016). In Senior Primary, our Robotics Program is focused on year 5 and 6 students, although in a composite class year 4 students also do very
- [Clients](https://openstem.com.au/about/clients) - Some of our fabulous growing and diverse range of clients, states in alphabetical order. Also see our Testimonials page. If you're looking for a reference, please contact us and we'll put you in touch! Autralian Capital Territory Lyneham Primary (Sutton) New South Wales Werrington County Public School (Cranebrook) Hare Krishna School (Eungella) St Mary of
- [3D Printing](https://openstem.com.au/resources/3dprinting) - What is 3D printing? A 3D printer is used to "print" 3D objects by depositing molten plastic or another material one layer after another, in a computer-controlled pattern. Industrial 3D printing has existed for decades, with patents owned by Stratasys (combined with technology acquired from IBM) dominating the "rapid prototyping" market since the mid 1990s
- [Design Your Own Country Units - Pilot Program](https://openstem.com.au/programs/understanding-our-world/design-your-own-country-units-pilot-program) - Taking part in the feedback and pilot of a range of additional OpenSTEM® Understanding Our World® HASS+Science units, around a "Design Your Own Country" theme. These units are in development for the 2018 school year. Overview Did you ever draw maps of imaginary countries as a child? What if your students could do this as part of
- [Terms & Conditions](https://openstem.com.au/about/terms-conditions) - By using our site, or purchasing any product or service from us, you acknowledge your agreement with the terms and conditions on this page. For purchases through our on-line store, this confirmation is specifically required during the checkout process. Responsibility & Safety It is your responsibility to take proper care and be sensible with the materials and
- [OpenSTEM Caterpillar](https://openstem.com.au/resources/openstem-caterpillar) - The OpenSTEM™ Caterpillar has quickly become our main mascot, as students, teachers and parents take a liking to it! It is an autonomous robot, with a 3D printed frame and Arduino controlled electronics. If you would like to have us visit your school class or homeschool group with the caterpillar and other critters, do make
- [Testimonials](https://openstem.com.au/about/testimonials) - What our clients say about OpenSTEM and our materials
- [About](https://openstem.com.au/about) - OpenSTEM develops and delivers practical and hands-on educational resources and complete programs that help students engage with STEM concepts.
- [Digital Technologies Program for Primary Schools](https://openstem.com.au/programs/digital-technologies-program-for-primary-schools) - The OpenSTEM Digital Technologies Program for Primary Schools (F-6) is now available with initial units for each year level, resource PDFs, free software, a board game and other useful resources. OpenSTEM's related Robotics Program was recently featured on Channel TEN @ Schools coverage in Brisbane. “I've come up with a set of rules that describe our
- [Implement HASS the easy way!](https://openstem.com.au/implement-hass-the-easy-way) - Combine History/Geography and other HASS subjects + Science in one lesson a week. Material and assessment aligned with Australian curriculum v8 Complete lesson plans and student workbooks Implement all of HASS+Science from as little as $4/student/year Hundreds of beautiful up-to-date colour PDF resources Join teachers and schools around Queensland and Australia. Tell me more about the Understanding
- [Curriculum Samples (Free)](https://openstem.com.au/curriculum/curriculum-samples) - Linked from this page you find sample materials such as some of our PDF Resources, a Teacher Handbook and a Student Workbook. We make these free watermarked samples available at no charge so that you are able to see and assess the quality of our materials. The following links don't run through our store, so you
- [Ginger Beer Science Project (non-alcoholic)](https://openstem.com.au/programs/ginger-beer-science-project-non-alcoholic) - In this Senior Primary / Junior Secondary version of the ginger beer program, students brew a small (15L) barrel of (non-alcoholic!) ginger beer over the course of two school weeks, optionally starting a broader investigation which can be extended to an entire term and across most curriculum subject areas. This is all done in the classroom, and
- [Confirm Subscription](https://openstem.com.au/confirm-subscription) - Thank you!
- [Archaeology Textbook and Ancient History Resources](https://openstem.com.au/resources/history-archaeology/archaeology-textbook-and-ancient-history-resources) - A series of resources is available for Senior Secondary students. These resources are of particular relevance to Year 11 Ancient History students. Taken together these resources form chapters of a Textbook of Archaeology, an ongoing project for which OpenSTEM was commissioned. We publish new chapters as they are completed. The resources are freely accessible to subscribers, and for individual sale and
- [Referrals, Reviews & Recommendations](https://openstem.com.au/about/referrals-reviews-recommendations) - Our clients love our materials and workshops, and tell others all about it. Naturally we wish to encourage this, so we have devised a referral system. How does it work? Every one of our customers has their very own referral coupon code. When you tell other people about OpenSTEM, give them your referral coupon code. When they
- [Store](https://openstem.com.au/store) - Welcome to our online store! Here you will find PDFs, software and physical resources. Subscribers get most resource PDFs for free, workshops at a discount, and teacher unit bundles are only available for purchase by subscribers. For free samples of our resource PDFs, see our Curriculum Samples page. All software we offer and recommend is free and open source. Please
- [Archaeological Dig](https://openstem.com.au/programs/archaeological-dig) - In this program, we set up a mock archaeological dig in a sandpit (or long jump pit) so that students can get a taste of life as an archaeologist. History has never been so cool! Scientific Investigation Much more than just an interactive experience, we run the archaeological dig as a full scientific investigation. Students
- [Introduction to Archaeology and Fossils Workshop](https://openstem.com.au/programs/introduction-to-archaeology-and-fossils-workshop) - An interactive experience with our archaeologist for students in all year levels of Primary or High School (maximum 100 students per workshop). This workshop discusses the basic concepts in the discipline of archaeology and provides a very brief introduction to palaeontology, with examples of some fossil hominin skulls printed on a 3D printer from scans of
- [Resources](https://openstem.com.au/resources) - History/Geography | Humanities and Social Sciences (HASS) Resource PDFs Explorers Archaeology Textbook Workshops Physical Resources Teacher Handbooks Science Resource PDFs Workshops Physical Resources Online Resources Digital Technologies Resource PDFs Workshops Physical Resources Robotics Online Resources Software Teacher Handbooks Activities Resources PDFs For our specific and comprehensive Programs, see our Programs page. More at OpenSTEM An overview
- [Partners](https://openstem.com.au/about/partners) - Here we note companies that we work with, trust and recommend. Freetronics Pty Ltd designs, sells and supports a range of flexible, easy to use Arduino-compatible electronics kits & parts, making it easy for you to build your own electronic projects. What Is Arduino? Arduino is a very popular and easy to use programmable board for creating
- [Soldering](https://openstem.com.au/programs/soldering) - OpenSTEM does electronics soldering as part of our workshops with school classes and other groups. It has been, for instance, part of our robotics program. Naturally some students pick up the technique quicker than others, but all tend to make a good effort. Results depend on focus (concentration), precision, a bit of dexterity and a steady
- [Why, What & How](https://openstem.com.au/about/why-what-how)
- [Humanities and Social Sciences Programs](https://openstem.com.au/programs/humanities-and-social-sciences-programs)
- [History/Geography Programs](https://openstem.com.au/programs/historygeography-programs)
- [Science Programs](https://openstem.com.au/programs/science-programs)
- [Digital Technologies Programs](https://openstem.com.au/programs/digital-technologies-programs)
- [Integrated History/Geography Program for Primary Schools](https://openstem.com.au/resources/history-archaeology/integrated-historygeography-program-for-primary-schools)
- [Science Program for Primary Schools](https://openstem.com.au/programs/science-program-for-primary-schools)
- [Software](https://openstem.com.au/resources/software) - We list software here that is (of course) open source and uses open standards, this means it's accessible for students without high initial or ongoing costs or licensing concerns. And for those so inclined, the source code can be explored and enhanced, bugfixes and documentation contributed, and so on. The educational activities are not restricted
- [Curriculum Overview](https://openstem.com.au/curriculum/curriculum-overview)
- [History & Archaeology](https://openstem.com.au/resources/history-archaeology) - History is the study of past events, using the written record. Archaeology is the study of human history and prehistory through the excavation of sites and the analysis of artifacts and other physical remains. Introduction to Archaeology (video) Skulls - fossil skulls (suitable for 3D printing) See also the following OpenSTEM resources, programs and workshops:
- [Skulls](https://openstem.com.au/resources/history-archaeology/skulls) - We use 3D prints of these fossil skulls at schools, which is awesome because they provide an experience well beyond that of photos and diagrams. Students can feel, measure, compare. It's one of those things that helps makes history real and interesting. Availability The 3D prints are used in our history/archaeology workshops, run or coordinated
- [Orienteering](https://openstem.com.au/programs/orienteering) - Orienteering is a sport which combines map reading, navigating from compass bearings and time management skills. Our Orienteering program is designed to integrate aspects of the Year 4, 5 and 6 HPE, Geography and Mathematics curricula into a fun introduction to the sport. Including options for both group and individual work, as well as the
- [Making (non-alcoholic) Ginger Beer](https://openstem.com.au/programs/making-non-alcoholic-ginger-beer) - In this Junior Primary version of the ginger beer program,students make a batch of (non-alcoholic!) ginger beer over the course of 10 days and 3 workshop sessions. This is done in the classroom, and completely from scratch. Ingredients Water Ginger (ground or chopped) Sugar Time & Patience No yeast! Plus some basic equipment. Carbonating: The
- [Puzzle 2: What is this Cipher Composed of?](https://openstem.com.au/puzzles/p2) - [do-svg width="441px" height="311px" svg_path="https://openstem.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/OpenSTEM-puzzle-2-150815.svg" alt_path="https://openstem.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/OpenSTEM-puzzle-2-150815.png" alt="OpenSTEM-puzzle-2-150815"] (Based on a concept in ITV's TV series "Endeavour") Get the [SVG] | [PNG]
- [Puzzle 1: Work Out the Order of These Numbers](https://openstem.com.au/puzzles/p1) - [do-svg width="441px" height="311px" svg_path="https://openstem.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/OpenSTEM-puzzle-1-150615.svg" alt_path="https://openstem.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/OpenSTEM-puzzle-1-150615.png" alt="OpenSTEM-puzzle-1-150615"] (We spotted this one in a Catalonian film "Fermat's Room") Get the [SVG] | [PNG]

## Products

- [Robotics Program Workshops](https://openstem.com.au/store/digital-technologies/digitech-workshops/robotics-program-workshops) - The full classroom workshops facilitation component (for one class) of to our Robotics Program for Senior Primary and Junior Secondary. Includes: Planning and Coordination Introductory workshop (2h) Assembly workshop (2h) Three programming workshops (3 x 1.5h) This workshop series uses the Robotics Classroom Kit (sold separately).
- [Ginger Beer Project Classroom Kit](https://openstem.com.au/store/science/science-physical-resources/ginger-beer-project-classroom-kit) - This Classroom Kit is for use with our Ginger Beer Science Project, providing all the special "hardware" and ingredients to get a class on its way. Contains 15L brewing/storage barrel tap and stop airlock fermentation container 1kg of caster sugar in container 300g ground ginger in container 2 length of muslin cloth + string set
- [Mirobot v3 drawing turtle robot kit](https://openstem.com.au/store/digital-technologies/digitech-physical-resources/mirobot) - The Mirobot "logo turtle" was developed by Ben Pirt in the UK initially through a Kickstarter project. Mirobot provides children from upper primary school age level with an excellent introduction into programming and robotics. We use Mirobots in our Senior Primary Program, and students now also want to build and program one at home! Functions Base Commands:
- [Mirobot v2 drawing turtle robot kit](https://openstem.com.au/store/digital-technologies/digitech-physical-resources/mirobot-v2-drawing-turtle-robot-kit) - The Mirobot "logo turtle" was developed by Ben Pirt in the UK initially through a Kickstarter project. Mirobot provides children from upper primary school age level with an excellent introduction into programming and robotics. We use Mirobots in our Senior Primary Program, and students now also want to build and program one at home! Functions Base Commands:
- [Robotics classroom kit](https://openstem.com.au/store/digital-technologies/digitech-physical-resources/robotics-classroom-kit) - The classroom kit is used with our Senior Primary Robotics Program. Generally, we build 4-6 robots per class, for groups of 4-6 students per robot. If you need something different, just ask us! Contains Storage container to keep the finished robots in the classroom 4-6x Mirobot v3 robotics kits (pre-soldered) Sufficient AA 1.5V batteries (long-life alkaline, 4 per Mirobot)
- [Resource: Women's Suffrage in Australia](https://openstem.com.au/store/civics-citizenship/civics-citizenship-resources/resource-womens-suffrage-in-australia) - The right to vote, when denied, causes people to feel dis-empowered and unable to determine their own destiny or exert control over their lives.
- [Resource: Climate Zones of the World](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-climate-zones-of-the-world) - This resource describes and illustrates a number of climate zones around the world.
- [School Sub (per student)](https://openstem.com.au/store/subscriptions/school-sub)
- [Diced Maths® 10 Dice Set with Counters](https://openstem.com.au/store/mathematics/maths-physical-resources/diced-maths-10-dice-set) - Set consisting of 10 distinct polyhedral dice: D4, D6, D8, D10 (0-9), D% (00-90), D12, D20, D24, D30, D60. The D10 and D% can combine to make a D100; 15 button counters (mixed colours); Velveteen bag with drawstring. Good quality engraved plastic dice (so the numbers won't easily wear off). Different coloured sets (opaque), you will
- [Blackline World Map](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/hass-physical-resources/blackline-world-map) - Blackline world map showing country outlines and ice age coastlines, using geographic projection (equator mid-way). Printed at A0 size on strong Tyvek.
- [Speed Cube 3x3x3](https://openstem.com.au/store/mathematics/maths-physical-resources/speed-cube-3x3x3) - DaYan 5 ZhanChi 3x3x3 stickerless cube. 57mm standard size. This cube is a very modern version of the famous Rubik's Cube, stickerless (the plastic parts themselves are coloured) for improved durability. This particular model has been used in world championships, and was used by young Melbourne based Feliks Zemdegs for his world record (5.54 seconds in 2013). We
- [HASS 3.3P bundle: Perth Through Time](https://openstem.com.au/store/unit-teacher-sets/units-year3/hass-3-3p-bundle-perth-through-time) - Bundle containing all components of HASS/Science Year 3 unit 3.3P Teacher handbook with complete lesson plans, curriculum mapping and assessment guide, student workbook and model answers, plus all the resource PDFs for HASS + Science: Understanding Our World, Year 3, Unit 3.3P: "Perth Through Time"
- [School-wide Understanding Our World® (HASS+Science) annual unit licence](https://openstem.com.au/store/subscriptions/school-wide-understanding-our-world-hassscience-unit-licence) - This bundle allows you to calculate and order your annual licence for the complete set of Understanding Our World® HASS+Science units across your entire school.
- [Resource: Aboriginal Places](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-aboriginal-places) - For many thousands of years all of Australia was special to Aboriginal People. They had stories about every animal, every creek, every mountain, every forest, every beach. Any place you have been in Australia probably had an Aboriginal story about it. Many of these stories are now lost, but some are still known. This resource
- [Resource: Francis Drake](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-francis-drake) - Victor of the British defeat of the Spanish Armada and favourite of Queen Elizabeth I of England, Francis Drake is often cast on the role of a hero. This resource examines Drake's lives and his many roles – hero or pirate, explorer of North America or slave trader and opportunist.
- [HASS 3.3C bundle: Canberra Through Time](https://openstem.com.au/store/unit-teacher-sets/units-year3/hass-3-3c-bundle-canberra-through-time) - Bundle containing all components of HASS/Science Year 3 unit 3.3C Teacher handbook with complete lesson plans, curriculum mapping and assessment guide, student workbook and model answers, plus all the resource PDFs for HASS + Science: Understanding Our World, Year 3, Unit 3.3C: "Canberra Through Time"
- [HASS 3.3 bundle: Brisbane Through Time](https://openstem.com.au/store/unit-teacher-sets/units-year3/hass-3-3-bundle-brisbane-through-time) - Bundle containing all components of HASS/Science Year 3 unit 3.3 Teacher handbook with complete lesson plans, curriculum mapping and assessment guide, student workbook and model answers, plus all the resource PDFs for HASS + Science: Understanding Our World Year 3, Unit 3.3: "Brisbane Through Time" Minimum time allocation of one hour per week. Extensions are provided for up
- [Resource: Canberra Through the Years](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-canberra-through-the-years) - This local history resource on Canberra tracks changes with reference to specific events and places from Aboriginal times to the 20th century.
- [Resource: Brisbane Through the Years](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-brisbane-through-the-years) - This local history resource on the city of Brisbane examines the first 100 years of Brisbane – from convict settlement to growing modern city.
- [Diced Maths® 10 Dice Classroom Kit with Counters](https://openstem.com.au/store/mathematics/maths-physical-resources/diced-maths-10-dice-classroom-kit) - Classroom kit consisting of 5x or 6x: 10 distinct polyhedral dice: D4, D6, D8, D10 (0-9), D% (00-90), D12, D20, D24, D30, D60. The D10 and D% can combine to make a D100; 15 button counters (mixed colours); Velveteen bag with drawstring. Good quality engraved plastic dice (so the numbers won't easily wear off). Different coloured
- [Soldering Kit](https://openstem.com.au/store/electronics/soldering-kit) - Our soldering kit as used in OpenSTEM's soldering programs! We source the individual components of these kits, and in some cases prepare and modify them. This kit is specifically suited for students who, for instance after participating in one of our classroom programs, want to continue with soldering at home. Contains 25W electronics soldering iron with standard conical tip.
- [Robot Turtles Board Game](https://openstem.com.au/store/digital-technologies/digitech-physical-resources/robot-turtles-board-game) - Fun board game developed by Dan Shapiro, for introducing or practising computational thinking with young students. Incremental problem solving; Different playing levels to suit Foundation to Year 2; Introduction to functions (eliminating duplicate code); The most-backed board game in Kickstarter history!
- [Resource: History of Australia](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-history-of-australia) - This resource provides a quick overview of Australian history, from the Aboriginal settlement of Australia during the Ice Age, to Federation.
- [Resource: Australian Goldrushes](https://openstem.com.au/store/civics-citizenship/civics-citizenship-resources/resource-australian-goldrushes) - This resource examines the gold rushes of the 19th century in different states of Australia and considers how these impacted on society in general, as well as the demography and economics of the continent.
- [HASS 4-6.4 bundle: We Are One, But We Are Many](https://openstem.com.au/store/unit-teacher-sets/multi-year-bundles/hass-4-6-4-bundle-we-are-one-but-we-are-many) - Bundle containing all components of HASS/Science Year 4-6 Units 4.4-6.4 (combined)
- [HASS 4-6.3 bundle: Origins of Australia](https://openstem.com.au/store/unit-teacher-sets/multi-year-bundles/hass-4-6-3-bundle-origins-of-australia) - Bundle containing all components of HASS/Science Year 4-6 Units 4.3-6.3 (combined)
- [HASS 4-6.2 bundle: Exploring the World](https://openstem.com.au/store/unit-teacher-sets/multi-year-bundles/hass-4-6-2-bundle-exploring-the-world) - Bundle containing all components of HASS/Science Year 4-6 Units 4.2-6.2 (combined)
- [HASS 4-6.1 bundle: Ancient Explorers - Ice Age travellers](https://openstem.com.au/store/unit-teacher-sets/multi-year-bundles/hass-4-6-1-bundle-ancient-explorers-ice-age-travellers) - Bundle containing all components of HASS/Science Year 4-6 Units 4.1-6.1 (combined)
- [HASS 1-3.4 bundle: Communities Here and Abroad](https://openstem.com.au/store/unit-teacher-sets/multi-year-bundles/hass-1-3-4-bundle-communities-here-and-abroad) - Bundle containing all components of HASS/Science Year 1-3 Units 1.4-3.4 (combined)
- [HASS 1-3.3 bundle: Daily Life in the Past](https://openstem.com.au/store/unit-teacher-sets/multi-year-bundles/hass-1-3-3-bundle-daily-life-in-the-past) - Bundle containing all components of HASS/Science Year 1-3 Units 1.3-3.3 (combined)
- [HASS 1-3.2 bundle: Our Changing Community](https://openstem.com.au/store/unit-teacher-sets/multi-year-bundles/hass-1-3-2-bundle-our-changing-community) - Bundle containing all components of HASS/Science Year 1-3 Units 1.2-3.2 (combined)
- [HASS 1-3.1 bundle: Celebrating Our World](https://openstem.com.au/store/unit-teacher-sets/multi-year-bundles/hass-1-3-1-bundle-celebrating-our-world) - Bundle containing all components of HASS/Science Year 1-3 Units 1.1-3.1 (combined)
- [Resource: Mary Reibey](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-mary-reibey) - The face of Mary Reibey is on our $20 note. She arrived as a teenage convict and worked her way up to being one of the most respected women in the colony of NSW
- [Resource: Games From The Past](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-games-from-the-past) - This resource looks at some children's games from around the world through time.
- [Resource: The Convict Settlement in New South Wales](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-the-convict-settlement-in-new-south-wales) - This resource provides an overview on the convict period in New South Wales.
- [Resource: Eureka Stockade](https://openstem.com.au/store/civics-citizenship/civics-citizenship-resources/resource-eureka-stockade) - The Eureka Stockade (and associated rebellion) is sometimes regarded as a fundamental step in the development of Australian democracy.
- [Resource: Explorers in Africa and South America](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-explorers-africa-south-america) - This resource lists some of the more well-known explorers of Africa and South America between the 15th and 18th centuries, as a complement to the Year 4 Australian Curriculum for History and Geography.
- [Diced Maths® Activity: Pentominoes](https://openstem.com.au/store/mathematics/mathematics-resources/diced-maths-activity-pentominoes) - The "Pentominoes" Diced Maths™ activity for one or more students explores pentominoes (2D shapes) and transformations (rotation and reflection).
- [Year Level Sub (highschool, per student)](https://openstem.com.au/store/subscriptions/year-level-sub-highschool-per-student) - Year Level subscription for high schools ($1 per enrolled student, min.100)
- [CD with all purchased/licensed units and resource PDFs/software](https://openstem.com.au/store/digital-technologies/digitech-physical-resources/cd-with-all-purchasedlicensed-units-and-resource-pdfssoftware) - Receive a CD via the post, containing all units and resource PDFs/software you've purchased/licensed this year.
- [Election Activity Bundle](https://openstem.com.au/store/civics-citizenship/elections/election-activity-bundle) - Everything you need to hold a class election. These resources align with Year 4, 5 and 6 Australian Curriculum History, Civics and Citizenship and HASS.
- [Diced Maths® Activity: Prime Sieve of Eratosthenes](https://openstem.com.au/store/mathematics/mathematics-resources/diced-maths-activity-prime-sieve-of-eratosthenes) - The "Prime Sieve of Eratosthenes" activity for one or more students explores the realm of prime numbers. Aligned with curriculum topics for Year 6 level maths.
- [Diced Maths® Activity: Multiply & Divide](https://openstem.com.au/store/mathematics/mathematics-resources/diced-maths-activity-multiply-divide) - The "Multiply & Divide" Diced Maths™ activity for two students exercises multiplication as well as division to whole numbers (no remainder).
- [Resource: The Establishment of the High Court of Australia](https://openstem.com.au/store/civics-citizenship/civics-citizenship-resources/resource-the-establishment-of-the-high-court-of-australia) - Part of our Federation series, this resource provides a brief overview of the background and early years of the High Court of Australia
- [Resource: Edmund Barton](https://openstem.com.au/store/civics-citizenship/civics-citizenship-resources/resource-edmund-barton) - The first Prime Minister of Australia, Edmund Barton is one of the most significant people with respect to Australian Federation.
- [Resource: Australian Constitution](https://openstem.com.au/store/civics-citizenship/civics-citizenship-resources/resource-australian-constitution) - This resource provides a brief overview of the Australian Constitution, how it was formulated and the role it played in Federation.
- [HASS F-1.4 bundle – Families and Their Places](https://openstem.com.au/store/unit-teacher-sets/units-year1/hass-f-1-4-bundle-families-and-their-places) - Bundle containing all components of HASS/Science Foundation + Year 1 unit F-1.4 "Families and Their Places"
- [HASS F-1.3 bundle – Families Long Ago](https://openstem.com.au/store/unit-teacher-sets/units-year1/hass-f-1-3-bundle-families-long-ago) - Bundle containing all components of HASS/Science Foundation + Year 1 unit F-1.3 "Families Long Ago"
- [Activity: History of Electricity](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/activity-history-of-electricity) - This resource provides a brief overview of the history of electricity as well as a set of 6 experiments which can be done in class.
- [Resource: Federation Conference 1890](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-federation-conference-1890) - This resource examines the Federation Conference of 1890 – who attended, what was discussed and what role it played in the transition towards Aus. Federation.
- [OpenSCAD: Programmatic 3D Modelling](https://openstem.com.au/store/digital-technologies/digitech-software/openscad-programmatic-3d-modelling) - OpenSCAD is software for creating solid 3D CAD objects. It is Open Source software and available for Windows, Mac OS X and GNU/Linux.
- [Resource: Ney Elias](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-ney-elias) - Resource on Ney Elias, an English surveyor who explored, and mapped in detail, parts of China and the Himalayas. Aligned with Year 6 Australian Curriculum.
- [Resource: Barcaldine Shearers' Strike](https://openstem.com.au/store/civics-citizenship/civics-citizenship-resources/resource-barcaldine-shearers-strike) - The Shearers' Strike of 1891 in Queensland, and the associated march in Barcaldine in May of that year, became important historical events.
- [Resource: Bush Poets](https://openstem.com.au/store/english/english-resources/resource-bush-poets) - This resource examines the role of the Bush Poets in the development of an uniquely Australian identity at the end of the colonial period in the 19th century.
- [Resource: Bushrangers](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-bushrangers) - This resource examines the bushrangers of the 19th century and how they acted in resistance to colonial authorities.
- [Resource: The Sugar Industry in Queensland](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-the-sugar-industry-in-queensland) - This resources examines the Sugar Industry as an important part of the Queensland economy since the mid-19th century.
- [Resource: Perth Through the Years](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-perth-through-the-years) - This local history resource on the city of Perth examines the city from Aboriginal area before European settlement to growing modern city.
- [Resource: Future Archaeology – the Bathroom](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-future-archaeology-the-bathroom) - This resource is a tongue in cheek look at how future archaeologists might interpret a bathroom.
- [Diced Maths® Activity: Adder](https://openstem.com.au/store/mathematics/mathematics-resources/diced-maths-activity-adder) - The "Adder" Diced Maths® activity plays with addition on a snake shaped number line. Requires Diced Maths® dice set with counters (or equivalent). Aligned with curriculum topics for Foundation and Year 1 level maths.
- [Diced Maths® Activity: SubAdder](https://openstem.com.au/store/mathematics/mathematics-resources/diced-maths-activity-subadder) - The "SubAdder" Diced Maths™ activity plays with addition and subtraction on a snake shaped number line.
- [Diced Maths® Activity: Times Square](https://openstem.com.au/store/mathematics/mathematics-resources/diced-maths-activity-times-square) - The "Times Square" Diced Maths™ activity exercises sequences of multiples and recognising their patterns on a number grid.
- [Diced Maths® Activity: Multiply](https://openstem.com.au/store/mathematics/mathematics-resources/diced-maths-activity-multiply) - The "Multiply" Diced Maths™ activity exercises multiplication of one and two digit numbers.
- [Diced Maths® Activity: Ups & Downs](https://openstem.com.au/store/mathematics/mathematics-resources/diced-maths-activity-ups-downs) - The "Ups & Downs" Diced Maths™ activity exercises multiplication of one and two digit numbers, as well as adjacent multiples.
- [Diced Maths® Activity: Quadrant](https://openstem.com.au/store/mathematics/mathematics-resources/diced-maths-activity-quadrant) - The "Quadrant" Diced Maths™ activity exercises working with coordinates within one quadrant of a Cartesian plane.
- [Diced Maths® Activity: Quadrawing](https://openstem.com.au/store/mathematics/mathematics-resources/diced-maths-activity-quadrawing) - The "Quadrawing" Diced Maths™ activity provides fun group drawing game using coordinates within one quadrant of a Cartesian plane.
- [Diced Maths® Activity: Number Reach™ Junior](https://openstem.com.au/store/mathematics/mathematics-resources/diced-maths-activity-number-reach-junior) - The Diced Maths® Number Reach™ Junior activity exercises mental maths, problem solving, approximation and most of BODMAS (brackets, multiplication, division, addition, subtraction) using whole positive numbers. This fun game can be played by individual students, small groups, or an entire class! Diced Maths® Number Reach™ Junior uses target numbers up to 99 (2 digits), whereas our Number Reach™ uses target
- [Diced Maths® Activity: Number Reach™](https://openstem.com.au/store/mathematics/mathematics-resources/diced-maths-activity-number-reach) - The Diced Maths® Number Reach™ activity exercises mental maths, problem solving, approximation and most of BODMAS (brackets, multiplication, division, addition, subtraction) using whole positive numbers. This fun game can be played by individual students, small groups, or an entire class! Diced Maths® Number Reach™ uses target numbers up to 999 (3 digits), whereas our Number Reach™ Junior uses
- [Resource: Samuel Griffith](https://openstem.com.au/store/civics-citizenship/civics-citizenship-resources/resource-samuel-griffith) - This resource explores the life and work of Samuel Griffith, premier of Queensland in the late 19th century and one of the architects of Federation.
- [Resource: Aboriginal Australia in the 18th Century](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-aboriginal-australia-in-the-18th-century) - This resource provides an overview of Australian history before colonisation and a description of the way of life of Aboriginal people
- [Diced Maths® Activity: SubAdders](https://openstem.com.au/store/mathematics/mathematics-resources/diced-maths-activity-subadders) - The "SubAdders" Diced Maths™ activity plays with addition and subtraction on a snake shaped number line which extends in to negative integers.
- [HASS 3.7 bundle: Our City Our Past](https://openstem.com.au/store/unit-teacher-sets/units-year3/hass-3-7-bundle-our-city-our-past) - Bundle containing all components of HASS/Science Year 3 unit 3.7
- [HASS 3.8 bundle: Celebrating Diversity](https://openstem.com.au/store/unit-teacher-sets/units-year3/hass-3-8-bundle-celebrating-diversity) - Bundle containing all components of HASS/Science Year 3 unit 3.8
- [HASS 3.6 bundle: Exploring Climates](https://openstem.com.au/store/unit-teacher-sets/units-year3/hass-3-6-bundle-exploring-climates) - Bundle containing all components of HASS/Science Year 3 unit 3.6
- [Resource: Amerigo Vespucci](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-amerigo-vespucci) - Amerigo Vespucci is best known to us as the inspiration of the name for the continents of “America”. He is less known as an explorer of South America in the early 16th century and as the first European to conclude that the 'new lands' of the Americas were a separate continent to Asia. He was
- [Resource: First-hand Accounts of the First Fleet](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-first-hand-accounts-of-the-first-fleet) - A selection of quotes from first-hand accounts of a range of people in the First Fleet.
- [Resource: Jacques Cartier](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-jacques-cartier) - This resource covers French explorer Jacques Cartier's life and achievements and is aligned with Year 5 Australian Curriculum History, Geography and HASS.
- [Activity: Aunt Madge's Suitcase](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/activity-aunt-madges-suitcase) - Oh no! Aunt Madge has gone off on her holiday around the world and left one of her suitcases behind! She has sent a note to you to please bring her the suitcase, she has also sent a ticket so that you can fly after her to take her the suitcase. Please help Aunt Madge
- [Resource: Henry Hudson](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-henry-hudson) - This resource explores the life and achievements of Henry Hudson. Aligned with Year 5 Australian Curriculum History, Geography and HASS.
- [Resource: Pierre François-Xavier de Charlevoix](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-pierre-francois-xavier-de-charlevoix) - Pierre de Charlevoix was a Jesuit priest and explorer in the early days of the French colony in Quebec. Aligned with Year 5 Australian Curriculum.
- [Resource: Jean Cousin](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-jean-cousin) - It is claimed that Jean Cousin encountered the coast of Brazil in 1488. This resource examines these claims. Aligned with Year 4 Australian Curriculum.
- [Resource: Giovanni de Verrazzano](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-giovanni-de-verrazzano) - Resource on Giovanni de Verrazzano, the first European after the Vikings in the 10th century, to encounter the mainland of North America.
- [Resource: George Vancouver](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-george-vancouver) - Resource on George Vancouver, the man after whom the island of Vancouver, off the coast of British Columbia, is named. Aligned with Year 5 Australian Curriculum
- [Resource: Hernando de Soto](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-hernando-de-soto) - Hernando de Soto was part of the Spanish administration in the Caribbean, being made Governor of Cuba in 1536. Aligned with Year 5 Australian Curriculum.
- [Resource: Juan Ponce de León](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-juan-ponce-de-leon) - This resource explores the life and achievements of Juan Ponce de León. Aligned with Year 5 Australian Curriculum History, Geography and HASS.
- [Resource: Juan Pérez](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-juan-perez) - This resource explores the life and achievements of the explorer Juan Pérez. Aligned with Year 5 Australian Curriculum History, Geography and HASS.
- [Resource: Bjarni Herjólfsson](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-bjarni-herjolfsson) - This resource tells the story of how Bjarni Herjólfsson came to find North America. Aligned with the Year 5 Australian Curriculum History, Geography and HASS.
- [Resource: Luis Vaz de Torres](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-luis-vaz-de-torres) - This resource explores the life and achievements of Luis Vaz de Torres. Aligned with Year 4 and 6 Australian Curriculum History, Geography and HASS.
- [Resource: Afonso de Albuquerque](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-afonso-de-albuquerque) - Resource on Afonso de Albuquerque's life and the significance of his achievements in the history of South-East Asia. Aligns with Year 6 Australian Curriculum.
- [Resource: Samuel de Champlain](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-samuel-de-champlain) - This resource explores the life and achievements Samuel de Champlain. It is aligned with Year 5 Australian Curriculum History, Geography and HASS.
- [Resource: Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-alvar-nunez-cabeza-de-vaca) - This explorer resource examines the life and experiences of Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca in North America. It aligns with Year 5 Australian Curriculum.
- [Resource: Women Explorers](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-women-explorers) - This resource looks at the history of women in exploration, of our planet and beyond. This resource aligns with Year 4, 5 and 6 Australian Curriculum.
- [Resource: Horses in America](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-horses-in-america) - This resource explores the relationship between horses, the environment and explorers in North America, through time. Year 4, 5 and 6 Australian Curriculum.
- [HASS F.A year bundle – Units F.1-F.4](https://openstem.com.au/store/unit-teacher-sets/year-bundles/hass-f-a-year-bundle-units-f-1-f-4) - Year bundle containing all components of HASS/Science Foundation units F.1 to F.4
- [HASS 1.A year bundle – Units 1.1-1.4](https://openstem.com.au/store/unit-teacher-sets/year-bundles/hass-1-a-year-bundle-units-1-1-1-4) - Year bundle containing all components of HASS/Science Year 1 units 1.1 to 1.4
- [HASS 2.A year bundle – Units 2.1-2.4](https://openstem.com.au/store/unit-teacher-sets/year-bundles/hass-2-a-year-bundle-units-2-1-2-4) - Year bundle containing all components of HASS/Science Year 2 units 2.1 to 2.4
- [HASS 3.A year bundle – Units 3.1-3.4](https://openstem.com.au/store/unit-teacher-sets/year-bundles/hass-3-a-year-bundle-units-3-1-3-4) - Year bundle containing all components of HASS/Science Year 3 units 3.1 to 3.4
- [HASS 4.A year bundle – Units 4.1-4.4](https://openstem.com.au/store/unit-teacher-sets/year-bundles/hass-4-a-year-bundle-units-4-1-4-4) - Year bundle containing all components of HASS/Science Year 4 units 4.1 to 4.4
- [HASS 5.A year bundle – Units 5.1-5.4](https://openstem.com.au/store/unit-teacher-sets/year-bundles/hass-5-a-year-bundle-units-5-1-5-4) - Year bundle containing all components of HASS/Science Year 5 units 5.1 to 5.4
- [HASS 6.A year bundle – Units 6.1-6.4](https://openstem.com.au/store/unit-teacher-sets/year-bundles/hass-6-a-year-bundle-units-6-1-6-4) - Year bundle containing all components of HASS/Science Year 6 units 6.1 to 6.4
- [DTech F.1 bundle - First Clicks](https://openstem.com.au/store/digital-technologies/digitech-teacher/dtech-f-1-bundle-first-clicks) - Teacher bundle with lesson plans, student research sheets, plus all the resource PDFs for Digital Technologies K/Prep/Reception/Foundation Unit 1 “First Clicks”
- [DTech 1.1 bundle - Digital Steps](https://openstem.com.au/store/digital-technologies/digitech-teacher/dtech-1-1-bundle-digital-steps) - Teacher bundle with lesson plans, student research sheets, plus all the resource PDFs for Digital Technologies Year 1 Unit 1 "Digital Steps"
- [DTech 2.1 bundle - Tech Everywhere](https://openstem.com.au/store/digital-technologies/digitech-teacher/dtech-2-1-bundle-tech-everywhere) - Teacher bundle with lesson plans, student research sheets, plus all the resource PDFs for Digital Technologies Year 2 Unit 1 "Tech Everywhere"
- [DTech 3.1 bundle - Going Digital](https://openstem.com.au/store/digital-technologies/digitech-teacher/dtech-3-1-bundle-going-digital) - Teacher bundle with lesson plans, student research sheets, plus all the resource PDFs for Digital Technologies Year 3 Unit 1 "Going Digital"
- [DTech 4.1 bundle - Exploring Digital](https://openstem.com.au/store/digital-technologies/digitech-teacher/dtech-4-1-bundle-exploring-digital) - Teacher bundle with lesson plans, student research sheets, plus all the resource PDFs for Digital Technologies Year 4 Unit 1 "Exploring Digital"
- [DTech 5.1 bundle - Algorithms to ASCII](https://openstem.com.au/store/digital-technologies/digitech-teacher/dtech-5-1-bundle-algorithms-to-ascii) - Teacher bundle with lesson plans, student research sheets, plus all the resource PDFs for Digital Technologies Year 5 Unit 1 "Algorithms to ASCII"
- [DTech 6.1 bundle - Digital Algorithms](https://openstem.com.au/store/digital-technologies/digitech-teacher/dtech-6-1-bundle-digital-algorithms) - Teacher bundle with lesson plans, student research sheets, plus all the resource PDFs for Digital Technologies Year 6 Unit 1 "Digital Algorithms"
- [Department Sub](https://openstem.com.au/store/subscriptions/dept-sub)
- [Single Teacher Sub](https://openstem.com.au/store/subscriptions/one-teacher-sub) - A single teacher is entitled to order for any year levels in their class. So, a year 3/4 teacher can order and use any units for year 3 and 4.
- [Account Funds Deposit](https://openstem.com.au/store/subscriptions/account-funds-deposit) - Maintaining account funds enables you to order and download items instantly, even if you use a non-instant payment method.
- [Private Sub (one family)](https://openstem.com.au/store/subscriptions/pvt-sub)
- [HASS F.6 bundle – My School](https://openstem.com.au/store/unit-teacher-sets/units-foundation/hass-f-6-bundle-my-school) - Bundle containing all components of HASS/Science Foundation unit F.6
- [HASS 3.1 bundle – Celebrating our World](https://openstem.com.au/store/unit-teacher-sets/units-year3/hass-3-1-bundle-celebrating-our-world) - Bundle containing all components of HASS/Science Year 3 unit 3.1 Teacher handbook with complete lesson plans, curriculum mapping and assessment guide, student workbook and model answers, plus all the resource PDFs for HASS + Science: Understanding Our World Year 3, Unit 3.1: Unit “Celebrating Our World” Minimum time allocation of one hour per week. Extensions are provided for
- [HASS 3.2 bundle - Our Changing Community](https://openstem.com.au/store/unit-teacher-sets/units-year3/hass-3-2-bundle-our-changing-community) - Bundle containing all components of HASS/Science Year 3 unit 3.2 Teacher handbook with complete lesson plans, curriculum mapping and assessment guide, student workbook and model answers, plus all the resource PDFs for HASS + Science: Understanding Our World Year 3, Unit 3.2: "Our Changing Community" Minimum time allocation of one hour per week. Extensions are provided for up
- [HASS 3.4 bundle: Communities Here and Abroad](https://openstem.com.au/store/unit-teacher-sets/units-year3/hass-3-4-bundle-communities-here-and-abroad) - Bundle containing all components of HASS/Science Year 3 unit 3.4
- [HASS 3.5 bundle – Australia Then And Now](https://openstem.com.au/store/unit-teacher-sets/units-year3/hass-3-5-bundle-australia-then-and-now) - Bundle containing all components of HASS/Science Year 3 unit 3.5
- [Resource: Andrew Irvine](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-andrew-irvine) - Andrew Irvine accompanied George Mallory in their unsuccessful attempt to reach the summit of Mount Everest in 1924.
- [Resource: Pawel Strzelecki](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-pawel-strzelecki) - Pawel Strzelecki explored the mountains of the Temperate regions of Australia in the 1840s. He named Mount Kosciuszko, the highest peak in Australia.
- [Resource: Exploring Lake Mungo](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-exploring-lake-mungo) - Introducing the archaeological material from Lake Mungo, showing the exploration of Australia by the ancestors of Aboriginal people, from about 60,000 years ago
- [Resource: Tenzing Norgay](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-tenzing-norgay) - Tenzing Norgay accompanied Edmund Hillary to the summit of Mount Everest in 1953. He was born in the shadow of the mountain.
- [Resource: Edmund Hillary](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-edmund-hillary) - Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay became the first people to stand on the summit of Mount Everest on 29 May 1953.
- [Resource: George Mallory](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-george-mallory) - George Mallory tried to climb Mount Everest in 1924, but was defeated by the elements and the conditions on the highest mountain in the world.
- [Resource: Heinrich Barth](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-heinrich-barth) - This resource examines the life and travels in North Africa of Heinrich Barth, who became the first European known to have crossed the Sahara Desert.
- [Resource: Robert Peary](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-robert-peary) - American born Robert Peary had a dream to be the first man to reach the North Pole.
- [Resource: Roald Amundsen](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-roald-amundsen) - The party which was the first to reach the South Pole, was led by the Norwegian, Roald Amundsen.
- [Resource: Explorers in Different Climates](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-explorers-in-different-climates) - This resource suggests topics for further study, citing explorers from different time periods, who explored areas with a range of different climates.
- [Resource: Robert Scott](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-robert-scott) - This resource examines the life of “Scott of the Antarctic”, and his ill-fated expedition to the South Pole in 1911-1912.
- [Resource: Ludwig Leichhardt](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-ludwig-leichhardt) - Ludwig Leichhardt was born in Prussia. He wanted to explore inland Australia and led an expedition from Brisbane to Port Essingdon, near Darwin.
- [Resource: Charles Sturt](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-charles-sturt) - Charles Sturt explored the interior of Australia in the 1820s and the 1840s. He was searching for evidence of a great inland sea.
- [Resource: Animals in Different Climates](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-animals-in-different-climates) - Designed to complement our other resources on climates, this resource examines how different animals around the world are adapted for their particular climate.
- [Resource: Climate Zones of Australia](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-climate-zones-of-australia) - There are 5 climate zones across Australia: Arid, Tropical, Subtropical; Temperate and Mediterranean.
- [Resource: Pedro Álvares Cabral](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-pedro-alvares-cabral) - Pedro Álvares Cabral was a Portuguese explorer, who became the first European to reach South America in the year 1500. Cabral was actually trying to sail to India by going south of Africa and during his voyage went a little too far west. The discovery of South America was significant and later led to Brazil
- [Resource: Pêro Vaz de Caminha](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-pero-vaz-de-caminha) - Accompanying Cabral on his voyage in the year 1500 was Pêro Vaz de Caminha, a Portuguese official. He was on the expedition in the capacity of future secretary of the trading factory to be established in India. Given his administrative skills, he was given the task of making the first report on the land which
- [Resource: Files and Folders](https://openstem.com.au/store/digital-technologies/digital-technologies-resources/resource-files-and-folders) - This resource helps educators guide an exploration of how file-systems work on digital devices, including choosing a good name for a file, and folder structure.
- [Resource: Tristão da Cunha](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-tristao-da-cunha) - In 1506 a Portuguese expedition to the East sailed through the South Atlantic Ocean and discovered a group of islands. The leader of the expedition named the main island after himself and it still bears his name. He was Tristão da Cunha and the island's name has been Anglicised to 'Tristan da Cunha'. This resource
- [Resource: Vasco Da Gama](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-vasco-da-gama) - Vasco Da Gama was in charge of the first Portuguese expedition to reach India by sailing south of Africa. He realised the Portuguese dream to establish trade directly with the East and thus opened up trade between the East and Europe. In this resource we examine the life and contribution of Vasco Da Gama.
- [Resource: Vasco De Balboa](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-vasco-de-balboa) - After Columbus, the Spanish had established themselves in the Caribbean and even had settlements in Central America. Vasco De Balboa was a rather colourful individual who became the first European to see the Pacific Ocean, having crossed from east to west at Panama. He immediately claimed it for Spain, although it was to be several
- [Resource: Vitus Bering](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-vitus-bering) - The man who gave his name to the narrow strait between Asia and North America was actually Danish, although he sailed for the Russian Navy. Russia had largely ignored the East, concentrating instead on Europe and thus in the 18th century little was known about north-eastern Asia in Russia and Europe. Vitus Bering was one
- [Resource: Vladimir Atlasov](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-vladimir-atlasov) - Vladimir Atlasov was another explorer in Eastern Asia. He was a Cossack and thus used to harsh conditions, which helped him to endure the severe winters of north-eastern Asia. Atlasov set out to collect tribute for Russia. The trip to Kamchatka and back to Moscow took him 4 years. This resource examines the life and
- [Resource: Walter Raleigh](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-walter-raleigh) - Walter Raleigh was a favourite of Queen Elizabeth I of England. She gave him a charter to explore and colonise on her behalf, but was reluctant for him to go in person. Raleigh therefore sponsored expeditions to sail in his name. One of these led to the establishment of the Roanoke colony – the first
- [Resource: Willem Barents](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-willem-barents) - Willem Barents was from the Netherlands and was interested to find a route to the East by sailing north across the top of Asia. He undertook 3 voyages, but was always frustrated by ice and eventually perished on Novaya Zemlya in 1597. In this resource we examine Barents' life and voyages, which clearly reflect the
- [Resource: William Adams](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-william-adams) - In 1600 nine survivors of a fleet of 5 ships which had left the Netherlands almost 2 years before to sail into the Pacific Ocean by sailing south of South America, landed on the coast of Japan. William Adams was one of those survivors and so impressed the local Japanese daimyo (a powerful Shogun), that
- [Resource: William of Rubruck](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-william-of-rubruck) - One of the Europeans who travelled deep into Asia before Marco Polo, was the Franciscan monk William of Rubruck. He travelled to the court of Möngke Khan, the grandson of Genghis Khan, at Karakorum in 1254. While at the Khan's court, William met other Europeans, merchants and clergy, and recorded these and many other details
- [Resource: Zheng He](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-zheng-he) - The Chinese admiral, Zheng He, undertook 7 expeditions with huge fleets from China through South-east Asia and along the India Ocean coast in the early 15th century, under the Yongle Emperor of the Ming Dynasty. This resource examines the life of this Chinese explorer, as well as the implications for the history of Asia and
- [Resource: Indigenous Peoples of Asia – Han](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-indiginous-people-asia-han) - Part of a series on the Indigenous Peoples of Asia, this resource examines the Han People of China, the largest ethnic group in the world. A brief history of the origins and movements of these people is given. Their traditional way of life and beliefs are discussed, as well as their contact with other groups,
- [Resource: Environments in North America](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-environments-north-america) - Designed to complement the Regions of North America resource, this resource examines the different environments encountered by a range of explorers and settlers in North America. This resource links the information on biomes with climate zones to examine the challenges and possibilities of each environment and also contrasts the way that indigenous people understood and
- [Resource: Indigenous Peoples of Asia – Dyak](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-indiginous-people-asia-dyak) - Part of a series on the Indigenous Peoples of Asia, this resource examines the Dyak People of Borneo in South-East Asia. A brief history of the origins and movements of these people is given. Their traditional way of life, beliefs and language are discussed, as well as their contact with other groups, including some explorers.
- [Resource: Environments in South America](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-environments-south-america) - Designed to complement the Regions of South America resource, this resource examines the different environments encountered by a range of explorers and settlers in South America. This resource links the information on biomes with climate zones to examine the challenges and possibilities of each environment and also contrasts the way that indigenous people understood and
- [Resource: Indigenous Peoples of Asia – Aryans](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-indiginous-people-asia-aryans) - Part of a series on the Indigenous Peoples of Asia, this resource examines the Aryan People (or Indo-Iranian language speakers) of India and the Middle East. A brief history of the origins and movements of these people is given. Their traditional way of life, beliefs and language are discussed, as well as their contact with
- [Resource: Environments in Africa](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-environments-africa) - Designed to complement the Regions of Africa resource, this resource examines the different environments encountered by a range of explorers and traders in Africa. This resource links the information on biomes with climate zones to examine the challenges and possibilities of each environment and also contrasts the way that indigenous people understood and used the
- [Resource: Indigenous Peoples of Asia – Ainu](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-indiginous-people-asia-ainu) - Part of a series on the Indigenous Peoples of Asia, this resource examines the Ainu People of Japan. The traditional way of life, beliefs and language of the Ainu are discussed, as well as their contact with other groups, including some explorers. In addition, impacts both on their way of life, and the environment on
- [Resource: Eratosthenes – The Father of Geography](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-eratosthenes-the-father-of-geography) - Eratosthenes was a mathematician, astronomer, poet and music theorist. He also is called 'the Father of Geography' because he invented the field of Geography, including many of the terms used today (including “geography”).
- [Resource: Wallace Line](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-wallace-line) - Alfred Russel Wallace (1823-1913) was British. He studied animals and travelled extensively. Wallace found some interesting differences between the animals and birds in different places in Indonesia. In 1859 he drew a line, which became known as the Wallace Line, which separates different ecozones.
- [Resource: Natural Disasters](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-natural-disasters) - Natural disasters are large events that have a natural origin. They often are larger versions of regular weather events. Some examples are discussed in this resource.
- [Resource: Early Australian Sites](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-early-australian-sites) - Australia has a wealth of archaeological sites, which is to be expected since people have lived here for more than 60,000 years. It would take a large book to cover all of them and one would have to keep adding pages as new sites are discovered every year. Here we will look at just a few of
- [Activity: Trade & Barter](https://openstem.com.au/store/economics-business/economics-business-resources/activity-trade-and-barter) - A cooperative educational (card) activity: Imagine you are a Neolithic farmer living in one of the first small villages in the world about 10,000 years ago and farming some of the first crops and animals. Overall things are pretty good; good enough that you might decide to experiment with becoming a potter or a brick-maker
- [Resource: Natural Areas of Australia](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-natural-areas-of-australia) - Most of Australia's natural areas that are relatively undisturbed by people are declared nature reserves or National Parks, so that they can be protected. This resource looks at some specific examples.
- [Resource: Continents and Areas of the World](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-continents-and-areas-of-the-world) - Continents and Areas in the world, with boundary descriptions and maps.
- [Activity: Timeline](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/activity-timeline) - Activity for setting out a historical timeline on a school oval or other open area, using long lengths of string and a measuring tape.
- [Resource: Modes of Transport 100 Years Ago](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-modes-of-transport-100-years-ago) - This resource highlights how people travelled around 100 years ago, so that students can compare with today.
- [Resource: Celebrations in Australia](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-celebrations-in-australia) - An overview and history of the various holidays and celebrations in Australia.
- [Activity: Sundials](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/activity-sundials) - Sundials tell the time of day from the position of a shadow cast by the Sun, this resource explains them and includes a build your own sundial activity.
- [Resource: Modern Humans Leave Africa](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-modern-humans-leave-africa) - Modern humans left Africa about 100,000 years ago. It was the Ice Age and sea levels were up to 100m lower than today. This resource examines how modern human populated the world.
- [Activity: Building Stonehenge](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/activity-building-stonehenge) - This activity resource explains how to build a model of Stonehenge using empty boxes. A plan is included to guide the build.
- [Resource: Sunda and Sahul](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-sunda-and-sahul) - “Sunda” is the name given to the land in Malaysia and Indonesia that was connected to Asia during the Last Ice Age. “Sahul” is the name given to the land that was formed during the Last Ice Age when lower sea levels joined Australia and Papua New Guinea.
- [Resource: Mayan Calendar](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-mayan-calendar) - The Ancient Maya actually used 3 calendars at once! These calendars were Solar calendars.
- [Resource: Modern Australian Democracy](https://openstem.com.au/store/civics-citizenship/civics-citizenship-resources/resource-modern-australian-democracy) - This resource places the Australian democratic system in the context of our system of government.
- [Resource: Stonehenge](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-stonehenge) - Stonehenge is a Solar calendar because it is oriented towards the sun. It is a type of calendar built of stone. Stonehenge was built more than 4,500 years ago. It is in England (United Kingdom).
- [Resource: Lunar and Solar Calendars](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-lunar-and-solar-calendars) - Introduction and explanation of lunar and solar calenders.
- [Resource: Australia After The Ice Age](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-australia-after-the-ice-age) - This resource examines the changes to the environment in Australia at the end of the Ice Age and how people adapted to these changes. The origins of Aboriginal management of the environment are introduced.
- [Resource: People Reach Australia](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-people-reach-australia) - This resource examines the issues confronting modern humans when they reached Australia, and briefly examines the archaeological evidence for early settlement in Australia.
- [Resource: The Last Ice Age](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-last-ice-age) - The Last Ice Age started about 110,000 years ago. It reached its height between 26,000 and 18,000 years ago. At this time there was the most ice on the surface of the planet and the seas were at their lowest (because a lot of the sea water was frozen into ice). This resource provides an
- [Resource: Ancient Greek Democracy](https://openstem.com.au/store/civics-citizenship/civics-citizenship-resources/resource-ancient-greek-democracy) - This resource examines the system of democracy in Ancient Greece (Athens) and how it structured their form of government. It can be used as comparative material for an examination of modern democracy in Australia.
- [Resource: Origins of Domestic Plants](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-origins-of-domestic-plants) - In the same way that people tamed the animals that they had hunted for thousands of years, so they domesticated some of the plants that they had gathered for thousands of years.
- [Resource: Indigenous Groups of Australia and Asia](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-indigenous-groups-of-australia-and-asia) - The Indigenous People of Australia are referred to as Aboriginal People. The word means “original inhabitant”. There are many different Aboriginal groups in Australia. This resource lists some of those groups as well as introducing some neighbouring indigenous groups in Asia. Separate resources are available for a number of these peoples.
- [Resource: Abu Simbel](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-abu-simbel) - The temples at Abu Simbel are an example of an early solar calendar because they were built to align with the sun on certain dates.
- [Resource: Origins of Domestic Animals](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-origins-of-domestic-animals) - Resource on how, when and where some common domestic animals were tamed by people.
- [Resource: Ice Age Animals](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-ice-age-animals) - During the Last Ice Age there were some animals that looked similar to some animals we know today, but the Ice Age animals were much larger and sometimes had woolly hair or fur. These animals are called the Ice Age megafauna (“mega” means “big” and “fauna” means animals. These big animals lived on almost every
- [Resource: World Maps](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-world-maps) - Geography resource: maps of the world with all countries, to assist in finding a referenced country.
- [Resource: Aboriginal Seasons](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-aboriginal-seasons) - Different Aboriginal groups in different parts of Australia, experiencing different weather, have different ways of describing the seasons. This resource gives some examples which can be used in a discussion of how people define the seasons in different parts of the world.
- [Resource: Origins of Agriculture](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-origins-of-agriculture) - A resource on the origins of agriculture at the end of the Ice Age. The factors that led to agriculture developing are discussed and some examples given.
- [Resource: Historic Photographs of Families](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-historic-photographs-of-families) - This resource is a selection of historic photographs from museums in Australia and around the world. These photographs show different family groups in different places and at different times.
- [Resource: Countries of the World](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-countries-of-the-world) - Up-to-date alphabetical list of all the countries in the world.
- [Resource: Country/Place](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-country-place) - Australian Aborigines have a concept called “Country” or “Place” to refer to their relationship with the land. Only Aboriginal people have a right to explain the concept of “Country” or “Place”, anyone who is not Aboriginal is not qualified to talk about what these concepts mean. In this description we will explain the role of the concept in
- [Resource: Newgrange](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-newgrange) - Newgrange or Brú na Bóinne (the Gaelic name) is in Ireland. It is a large mound which acts as a Solar calendar because there is a shaft that lines up with sunrise at winter solstice.
- [Resource: People Reach the Americas](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-people-reach-the-americas) - People crossed into the Americas during the Ice Age, when sea levels were lower and there was a landbridge between Siberia and Alaska. This resource examines the archaeological evidence for the early settlement of the Americas.
- [Resource: Absolute Dating Methods](https://openstem.com.au/store/history-geography/archaeology-textbook/resource-absolute-dating-methods) - It is critical that archaeologists understand the relationship of archaeological material to time. In recent decades a suite of scientific methods of dating archaeological material has developed. These methods provide a calendar date range for the material, providing an 'absolute' date. Each of these methods can be used for different materials for different time periods
- [Resource: Relative Dating Methods](https://openstem.com.au/store/history-geography/archaeology-textbook/resource-relative-dating-methods) - The oldest forms of dating archaeological materials were the methods that did not provide calendar dates, but reveal which material is older or younger than other material. Many of these methods can now be linked to calendar date ranges by adding an absolute dating method. Relative methods are still an important resource for an archaeologist
- [Resource: History of Archaeology](https://openstem.com.au/store/history-geography/archaeology-textbook/resource-history-of-archaeology) - The discipline of Archaeology has developed slowly over hundreds of years. Formalised during the fashion for Antiquities in Europe in the Enlightenment, Archaeology became a Science under the Victorians. The History of Archaeology's development provides useful insights into the nature of the modern discipline (what it is and what it is not), as well as
- [Resource: Ethics in Archaeology](https://openstem.com.au/store/history-geography/archaeology-textbook/resource-ethics-in-archaeology) - As a Science, Archaeology has a strict code of Ethics. These ethics have developed out of the history of the discipline and play a very important role in modern Archaeology. Some of the ethics arise from the scientific nature of the discipline and some are broader, taking into account cultural issues. All are an important
- [Resource: Lake Mungo Archaeology](https://openstem.com.au/store/history-geography/archaeology-textbook/resource-lake-mungo-archaeology) - One of the oldest sites in Australia, Lake Mungo provides a good case study of the range of issues surrounding Aboriginal archaeology in Australia. Some of the issues also relate to a discussion of dating methods. Advances in dating accuracy have transformed and deepened the understanding of Lake Mungo's role in Australian archaeology in recent
- [Resource: Minoan Archaeology](https://openstem.com.au/store/history-geography/archaeology-textbook/resource-minoan-archaeology) - Using the story of Theseus and the Minotaur as a starting point, this case study examines the archaeological knowledge of Minoan society in the Ancient world. The picture of what we can reconstruct about Minoan life from the archaeological record is then compared to the legend of Theseus and the Minotaur in order to assess
- [Resource: Homo Erectus](https://openstem.com.au/store/history-geography/archaeology-textbook/resource-homo-erectus) - The most successful hominin, Homo erectus inhabited the Earth for over 1.5 million years. These ancient people were the first to leave Africa, eventually inhabiting most of the planet and a range of climates. They learned to use fire and made stone tools. They developed a way of life - hunting and gathering, sharing their
- [Resource: Neanderthals](https://openstem.com.au/store/history-geography/archaeology-textbook/resource-neanderthals) - Long the butt of jokes and cruel caricatures, Neanderthals have remained a controversial subject. How closely were they related to us? What were the differences between them and us? What happened to them? These and other questions are examined in this resource. With each passing decade, as our techniques and understanding develops, we are able
- [Resource: Leap Years](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-leap-years) - Resource on Leap Years, what they are and their history.
- [Activity: Ice Ages and Mud Bricks](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/activity-ice-ages-and-mud-bricks) - Activity to investigate scientifically the processes of freezing and thawing water, and potential effects on the landscape; as well as the processes and technology involved in making mud bricks. A model answers PDF is included for teachers. Students explore aspects of the Science curriculum (melting and freezing and the effects of heat), in the context
- [Activity: Shadows and Light](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/activity-shadows-and-light) - Activity to investigate shadows, reflection and refraction in the context of the History and Geography material. Students investigate different methods of making shadows and using these principles move on to exploring reflection and refraction. This activity addresses aspects of the Science curriculum as a natural extension of the examination of solar calendars.
- [Activity: Torch and Ball](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/activity-torch-and-ball) - An activity using a torch and tennis ball to investigate how day and night occurs and then building on to understanding Seasons, Equinoxes and Solstices and Phases of the Moon. This activity addresses aspects of the Science curriculum as a natural extension to the explorations in the History and Geography program, but can also be
- [Resource: Homo naledi](https://openstem.com.au/store/history-geography/archaeology-textbook/resource-homo-naledi) - The recent find of fossil bones in a cave in South Africa caused controversy in the media. The details of the fossils identified and the techniques employed in their excavation form a concise case study of the challenges for archaeologists and palaeontologists. Scientific method, technology, ethics, as well as ancient physical anthropology all play a
- [Resource: Technology of Early Agriculture](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-technology-of-early-agriculture) - Resource on the Technology of Early Agriculture.
- [Activity: Sort Algorithm](https://openstem.com.au/store/english/english-resources/activity-sort-algorithm) - In this activity, a group of students explore the concept of an Algorithm by performing Sorting operations. Doing this as an activity encompasses all learning styles and thus offers maximum engagement for students.
- [Resource: ASCII Character Encoding](https://openstem.com.au/store/digital-technologies/digital-technologies-resources/ascii-character-encoding) - Since inside a computer everything is stored as a number, people needed to decide on how to store the alphabet, numbers and other characters (like an exclamation mark or a comma). Every character needs to its own unique number. We call this encoding.
- [Resource: Algorithms, Pseudocode and Flowcharts](https://openstem.com.au/store/digital-technologies/digital-technologies-resources/algorithms-pseudocode-and-flowcharts) - Pseudocode and Flowcharts are ways of showing algorithms or processes. Both pseudocode and flowcharts are in used in many places, so it's important to know how to read and understand them, but also to also how to create them!
- [Resource: Regions of Africa](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-regions-of-africa) - A Geography resource covering the major biomes of the African continent. This resource (with maps) discusses the Atlas Mountains, the Sahara Desert, the Sahel, the African Savannah and the Equatorial Forest, as well as the Nile River. Students are able to see the location of each biome with respect to the countries of Africa, as
- [Resource: Regions of South America](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-regions-of-south-america) - A Geography resource covering the major biomes of the South American continent. This resource (with maps) discusses the Andes Mountains, the Pampas, the Amazon Basin and the Amazon River. Students are able to see the location of each biome with respect to the countries of South America, as well as learn about the biome, its
- [Resource: Regions of North America](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-regions-of-north-america) - A Geography resource covering the major biomes of the North American continent. This resource (with maps) discusses the Rocky Mountains, the Great Plains, the Boreal Forest and the Tundra, as well as the Mississippi River. Students are able to see the location of each biome with respect to the countries of North America, as well
- [Resource: Regions of Asia](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-regions-of-asia) - A Geography resource covering the major biomes of the Asian continent. This resource (with maps) discusses the Gobi Desert, the Rub' Al Khali Desert, the Himalaya Mountains, the Ural Mountains, the Caucasus Mountains, the Steppe, the Taiga and the Siberian Tundra, as well as the Yangtze, Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Students are able to see
- [Resource: Regions of Australia](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-regions-of-australia) - A Geography resource covering the major biomes of the Australian continent. This resource (with maps) discusses the Simpson Desert, the Lake Byre Basin, the Great Dividing Range and the Nullarbor Plain, as well as the Murray and Darling Rivers. Students are able to see the location of each biome, as well as learn about the
- [Resource: Bantu Expansion through Africa](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-bantu-expansion-through-africa) - This resource covers the expansion of Bantu-speaking people through Africa. Starting about 3,000 years ago Bantu-speaking farmers with cattle and crops such as sorghum expanded across the savannah regions of Africa. They interacted with people already living in these areas as they “explored” the continent.
- [Resource: Egyptian Exploration of Punt](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-egyptian-exploration-of-punt) - Thousands of years ago the Ancient Egyptians established trade networks by exploring out from the Nile River valley, along the African coast. Intrepid explorers in their own right, these ancient people brought back exotic and rare items and laid the foundations of trade routes that were to become increasingly important through History.
- [Resource: Great Zimbabwe](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-great-zimbabwe) - A resource about the African Kingdom of Great Zimbabwe, which took part in international trade during the Middle Ages. Great Zimbabwe had trade links as far as China. The development of this historical kingdom shows how dynamic the African continent was throughout History, as well as indicating some of the trade networks existing before the
- [Resource: Types of Homes](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-types-of-homes) - A resource of pictures of the types of homes that people may live in. This resource is useful for students exploring how different types of homes meet basic needs for shelter.
- [Resource: Favourite Places](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-favourite-places) - A resource of pictures of favourite places – both real and imaginary. This resource is useful for students exploring the concept of a “favourite place” and the range of places that some people might like. Students can consider how people make different choices about what sort of place is their favourite.
- [Resource: Vikings in North America](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-vikings-in-north-america) - The Vikings were the first Europeans to reach North America, more than 1000 years ago. The Vikings established settlements and traded with indigenous people in North America for about 400 years, finally abandoning the continent less than 100 years before Columbus' voyage. This resource examines the Viking activities in North America and is an excellent
- [Activity: Planets of the Solar System](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/activity-planets-of-the-solar-system) - Resource covering the planets and moons of our solar system, their discovery and exploration, and much more information and images. Also contains an (outside) activity for exploring orbits.
- [Resource: Names of Months and Days of the Week](https://openstem.com.au/store/english/english-resources/resource-names-of-months-and-days-of-the-week) - Resource exploring the names of months and days of the week, their naming origins and related celebrations.
- [Resource: Celebrations Around the World](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-celebrations-around-the-world)
- [Activity: Grouping Categories](https://openstem.com.au/store/english/english-resources/activity-grouping-categories) - Grouping items into categories is often used in mathematics and of course everyday life, but also in computer programming! In this activity, we explore the concept of Grouping, which is not the same as Sorting. This activity has variations which make it suited for all of the Primary year levels.
- [Resource: Recognising Upper and Lower Case](https://openstem.com.au/store/english/english-resources/resource-recognising-upper-and-lower-case) - In this resource, we explore upper and lower case letters. Because we encounter many different fonts on the web and in printed matter, as well as in handwriting, it is important for students to get to know the look of a few common fonts, but also to appreciate the general pattern that a letter can
- [Resource: Tux Paint](https://openstem.com.au/store/digital-technologies/digital-technologies-resources/resource-tux-paint) - Free companion resource for the software Tux Paint. Tux Paint is an award winning creative drawing program for young kids. Because of the way it takes over the entire screen and uses nice big icons for the various functions, it has shown to be an excellent tool for youngsters to develop and practice their mouse navigation
- [Resource: James Cook](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-james-cook) - Cook is one of the most important explorers to consider in the History of Australia with respect to his mapping of the Australian coastline and claiming Australia for Britain. His other contributions, for example in the mapping of parts of North America, as less well remembered in Australia. This resource examines the life of James
- [Resource: Abel Tasman](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-abel-tasman) - Abel Tasman was an employee of the Dutch East India Company and the first European to map parts of the Australian coastline (as well as New Zealand). This resource examines his life and voyages of exploration, providing context for an understanding of the European settlement of Australia (and New Zealand).
- [Resource: Willem Janszoon](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-willem-janszoon) - Willem Janszoon was the first European (as Captain of the ship Duyfken) to set foot on the continent of Australia. An employee of the Dutch East India Company, he “put Australia on the map” in European terms. This resource examines his life and his contribution to the history of European interactions in Australia.
- [Resource: England in the 'Age of Discovery'](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-england-in-the-age-of-discovery) - This resource examines the political and social situation in England during the 15th to 18th centuries. It explains England's role in the voyages of exploration, as well as describing the conditions which led to the establishment of colonies and ultimately, the settlement of Australia. This resource complements the resource Europe in the 'Age of Discovery',
- [Resource: Portugal in the 'Age of Discovery'](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-portugal-in-the-age-of-discovery) - As the first country involved in the voyages of exploration of the 15th to 18th centuries, Portugal is a useful case study to examine how Europe became involved in the 'Age of Discovery'. This resource complements the resource Europe in the 'Age of Discovery', by considering the situation for Portugal in particular, helping students to
- [Resource: Spain in the 'Age of Discovery'](https://openstem.com.au/store/economics-business/economics-business-resources/resource-spain-in-the-age-of-discovery) - The rivalry between England and Spain in the 15th to 18th centuries is fundamental to an understanding of how England came to establish colonies in other parts of the world, such as Australia. This resource explains how Spain followed Portugal in the voyages of exploration and their contribution to the conditions in Europe at the
- [Resource: Europe in the 'Age of Discovery'](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-europe-in-the-age-of-discovery) - A resource which describes the social, technological and political background in Europe between the 15th and 18th centuries, which led to the voyages of exploration around the world. The origins of conditions from the 14th century and before provide context, whilst a detailed description of Europe's interest in controlling the spice trade is provided. This is
- [Resource: Dutch East India Company](https://openstem.com.au/store/economics-business/economics-business-resources/resource-dutch-east-india-company) - The Dutch East India Company played a critical role in putting the continent of Australia on European maps. It was Dutch East India Company explorers that first mapped parts of the Australian coastline. The reasons for this are examined in this resource. Furthermore, the Dutch East India Company and its history provide an excellent case
- [Activity: Ancient Sailing Ships](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/activity-ancient-sailing-ships) - The Ancient Sailing Ships Activity is designed to complement the Year 4, 5 and 6 'Explorers' units, whilst addressing aspects of the Science curriculum; specifically Forces and Motion for Year 4; Solids, Liquids and Gases for Year 5; Properties of Natural and Processed Materials for Year 4, and Science as Human Endeavour and Science Inquiry
- [Resource: Alexander the Great](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-alexander-the-great) - Alexander the Great is a well-recognised historical figure, who is known for many achievements. In this resource a brief overview of his life introduces the idea that he is the first recorded European to explore Asia, and thus can be regarded as an explorer as well as a general. Alexander's pursuits had far-reaching influences for
- [Resource: Ahmad Ibn Fadlan](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-ahmad-ibn-fadlan) - This resource acknowledges the contribution of a 10th century Arab traveller, Ahmad Ibn Fadlan, who travelled as an emissary of the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad to the ruler of the Bulgars, Almiș (see product image), in the Steppe region of modern Russia. Ibn Fadland was an expert in Islamic law and faith and the Bulgars
- [Resource: Bartolomeu Dias](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-bartolomeu-dias) - This resource examines the contribution of the Portuguese explorer, Bartolomeu Dias, who was the first European to sail around the Southern end of the African continent in 1488. Dias opened the way for later European trade with the East and sea contact with Asia. Up to that time trade between Europe and the East had
- [Resource: Christopher Columbus](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-christopher-columbus) - Christopher Columbus is usually given the credit for being the first European explorer to 'discover' the Americas in 1492. This resource examines that claim through looking at his actual achievements and the reasons and results of his voyages. Not only do we know that the Vikings were in North America 400 years before Columbus, but
- [Resource: Diogo Cão](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-diogo-cao) - Diogo Cão was one of the first Portuguese explorers to explore the West Coast of Africa. He did not succeed in reaching the Southern tip of Africa or making his way to the East towards India, but he contributed to Portuguese knowledge of the African coast. He also recorded the Congo River and came into
- [Resource: Ennin](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-ennin) - Ennin was a 9th century Japanese Buddhist monk who travelled to China and left a record of 9th century China from an outside perspective. This resource considers the contribution of this early explorer of Asia and provides a perspective on non-European travellers and explorers.
- [Resource: Erik the Red](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-erik-the-red) - Erik the Red was the 10th century Viking explorer who spent 3 years exploring Greenland and then encouraged Viking settlement there. It was as a result of this Viking settlement in Greenland that the Vikings came to explore the North East coast of North America 400 years before Columbus reached the Caribbean. This resource examines
- [Resource: Ferdinand Magellan](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-ferdinand-magellan) - Ferdinand Magellan is often regarded as having undertaken the first recorded circumnavigation of the Earth, but did he really? This resource examines the life of Magellan and assesses his contribution to European exploration in the 16th century, as well as his position in later histories.
- [Resource: Francisco de Orellana](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-francisco-de-orellana) - A relative of Francisco Pizarro, who defeated the Inca in Peru, De Orellana led the first European expedition to navigate the Amazon River. This resource examines how this exhibition came about and its results, whilst placing De Orellana into the context of the European presence in South America in the 16th century.
- [Resource: Francisco Pizarro](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-francisco-pizarro) - This resource examines the life and role of Francisco Pizarro, who is famous for his defeat of the Inca in Peru in the 16th century. The actions of Pizarro were controversial at the time and reveal many aspects of the context of European actions in the Americas at the time, making Pizarro a useful person
- [Resource: Gan Ying](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-gan-ying) - Explorers of Asia have come from within and outside of Asia. One of the earliest records of explorers from within Asia is that of Gan Ying, who travelled from China to make contact with the Roman Empire in the 3rd century. This resource provides an alternate perspective on the history of the exploration of Asia.
- [Resource: Nellie Bly](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-nellie-bly) - The 19th century interest in the wider world fostered a group of women writers who pioneered travel writing and journalism. Intrepid explorers in their own right, these women brought exotic destinations around the world into people's homes with their writing. Nellie Bly (born Elizabeth Cochrane Seaman) was much more than a travel writer, however, despite
- [Resource: Politics of Asia in History](https://openstem.com.au/store/civics-citizenship/civics-citizenship-resources/resource-politics-of-asia-in-history) - This resource (16 page colour illustrated PDF) contains a concise but comprehensive history of Asia, focussing on the major countries and regions of India, Arabia, China, Mongolia, Japan and Russia. The long-term trends and interactions are highlighted to provide context for investigations of specific events within Asian history. The resource is designed specifically to provide
- [Resource: Economies of Asia in History](https://openstem.com.au/store/economics-business/economics-business-resources/resource-economies-of-asia-in-history) - This resource (16 page colour illustrated PDF) complements the resource Politics of Asia in History by examining the economic factors that influenced the History of Asia. Once again focussing on India, Arabia, China, Mongolia, Japan and Russia, this resource compares and contrasts the economies of these different regions from about 10,000 years ago to the 19th
- [Resource: Gonçalo Coelho](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-goncalo-coelho) - Gonçalo Coelho was a Portuguese explorer who sailed with Amerigo Vespucci to Brazil in 1501. He returned to South America in 1503. This resource examines the life and role of this 16th century Portuguese explorer.
- [Resource: Hernán Cortés](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-hernan-cortes) - Hernán Cortés was a conquistador in the truest sense of the word. He conquered the Aztecs in Mexico and created a new state which he called “New Spain”. Facing dissent from not only the indigenous people, but also fellow Spaniards, Cortés applied force to entrench his position. This resource examines his life and actions in
- [Resource: Hong Bao](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-hong-bao) - As a commander of part of the fleet of the admiral Zheng He, Hong Bao undertook a voyage from China to Africa, through South-East Asia and along the Indian Ocean coast of Asia in the 15th century. This resource provides context, not only on the conditions in the region immediately prior to the arrival of
- [Resource: Ibn Battuta](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-ibn-battuta) - One of the most influential Medieval explorers, Ibn Battuta not only recorded an enormous amount of information on the huge numbers of countries, areas and regions which he visited in the course of his travels, but he also provided an extremely valuable viewpoint on these places from a perspective outside of Europe. Ibn Battuta was
- [Resource: Gertrude Bell](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-gertrude-bell) - Gertrude Bell was a 19th century traveller and writer, who also fulfilled unprecedented political roles for Britain in the Middle East. She was an archaeologist (with an Honours degree in Modern history from Oxford University) and founded the museum which later became the National Museum of Iraq. She was also employed as a Liaison Officer
- [Resource: Primary and Secondary Sources](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-primary-and-secondary-sources) - What is a Primary Source? What is a Secondary Source? This resource provides a means of easily distinguishing these sources, using examples matched to the Australian National Curriculum. Texts, paintings, drawings and photographs are all considered and analysis of examples of each are given. Examples include drawings and paintings from Captain Cook's voyages around the world,
- [Resource: Isabella Bird](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-isabella-bird) - Isabella Bird suffered from ill health whenever she was home in the UK. From a young age she travelled extensively for her health and her letters home were so enjoyed by family and friends that she was persuaded to publish them as books and thus became a very well-known 19th century woman travel writer. She
- [Resource: Ida Pfeiffer](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-ida-pfeiffer) - One of the 19th century women travel writers, Ida Pfeiffer spent many years travelling extensively. She left some of the first records of some groups of indigenous people in South-East Asia, as well as visiting North and South America, Scandinavia and many parts of Asia. Her last trip was to Madagascar, where she inadvertently got
- [Resource: Jeanne Baret](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-jeanne-baret) - A relatively unknown female explorer was the first woman to circumnavigate the world, Jeanne Baret. Dressed as a man, she sailed on the voyage of Louis Antoine de Bouganville as the assistant of the botanist, Commerson, who suffered from ill health. Baret was also regarded as an excellent botanist in her own right. After Commerson's
- [Resource: Louis de Bouganville](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-louis-de-bouganville) - Famous as the man after whom the flowering vine, Bougainvillea, is named, this French explorer travelled around the world in the 18th century. This was one of France's earliest exploration expeditions and also laid some of the foundations of the 20th century war in the Falkland Islands. Bouganville's expedition was a scientific one and included
- [Resource: John Cabot](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-john-cabot) - John Cabot was actually an Italian named Giovanni Caboto, who sailed for England trying to find a route to the East travelling West. In doing so he re-discovered North America. His life is somewhat enigmatic and recent research has shown that he may have been more successful than previously thought. This resource examines his life,
- [Resource: Juan Sebastián Elcano](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-juan-sebastian-elcano) - Juan Sebastián Elcano was the commander who completed the first circumnavigation of the Earth started by Ferdinand Magellan (who died en route and never completed the circumnavigation). Elcano had been one of the mutineers in Patagonia and spent 5 months in chains, but later, after the disastrous circumstances surrounding Magellan's death, Elcano took command and
- [Resource: Leif Erikson](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-leif-erikson) - The title of first European to reach North America belongs more correctly to the Viking Leif Erikson, than to Christopher Columbus. The son of Erik the Red who settled Greenland, Leif Erikson led several expeditions along the coast of Labrador and Newfoundland. The Vikings even built houses and spent some winters in North America, as
- [Resource: Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-lucas-vazquez-de-ayllon) - Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón was the first Spaniard to attempt to settle on the continent of North America. He took 600 colonists (including 100 African slaves) to an area today in the US state of South Carolina. Unfortunately the attempted colony was dogged by illness and a lack of food. Ayllón himself died and the
- [Resource: Marco Polo](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-marco-polo) - Marco Polo is famous for his 13th century travels to China, recorded by a novelist whom he met in prison. Part of the 'Explorers' series, this resource examines the life of Marco Polo, his travels in Asia and his contribution to the European understanding of Asia in the Middle Ages.
- [Resource: Martin Behaim](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-martin-behaim) - Martin Behaim was a German scientist, navigator and cartographer who accompanied the Portuguese expedition to West Africa, led by Diogo Cão. His contribution to European exploration of the world was to produce the first globe of the known world produced since the time of the Romans. Behaim's globe showed the Earth as understood by Europeans
- [Resource: Nicolau Coelho](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-nicolau-coelho) - Nicolau Coelho was a Portuguese explorer who accompanied Vasco De Gama, Pedro Álvares Cabral and Afonso de Albuquerque on their voyages of exploration. This resource examines his life and role in these expeditions.
- [Resource: Explorers in Asia](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-explorers-asia) - This resource lists some of the more well-known explorers of Asia, as a complement to the Year 6 Geography National Curriculum. The list covers a range of people from the Chinese envoy, Gan Ying, to women travellers of the 19th century, such as Ida Pfeiffer.
- [Resource: Indigenous People of North America](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-indiginous-people-north-america) - This resource examines a few of the indigenous groups of North America. It describes the people and aspects of their way of life, concentrating on their use of resources and their management of the environment. In addition, later impacts both on their way of life, and the environment on which they depended, are briefly examined.
- [Resource: Explorers in North America](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-explorers-north-america) - This resource lists some of the more well-known explorers of North America, as a complement to the Year 5 Geography National Curriculum. The list covers a range of people from the Viking, Erik the Red, to women travellers of the 19th century, such as Nellie Bly and Isabella Bird.
- [Resource: Indigenous People of Africa and South America](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-indiginous-people-africa-south-america) - This resource examines a few of the indigenous groups of Africa and South America. It describes the people and aspects of their way of life, concentrating on their use of resources from the environment, their management of the environment and their management of waste. In addition, later impacts both on their way of life, and
- [Resource: Life Cycles](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-life-cycles) - Matched to both the Science and Geography curricula, this resource examines the concept of a Life Cycle. Examples are given for Humans, Birds (an African Ostrich), Animal (South American Jaguar) and Plant (Oak Tree). Using both text and images to examine the Stages of Life of a range of different living organisms.
- [Resource: Indigenous Peoples of Asia – Tatars](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-indiginous-people-asia-tatars) - Part of a series on the Indigenous Peoples of Asia, this resource examines the Tatar People of Western Central Asia. A brief history of the origins and movements of these people is given. Their traditional way of life and beliefs are discussed, as well as their contact with other groups, including some explorers. Their historical
- [Resource: Extinct Animals in South America](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-extinct-animals-south-america) - This resource extends the South American Geography information of the Regions of South America and Environments of South America resources to examine environmental impact through examining the extinction of animals in South America. The factors that led to the extinction of these animals are discussed and the role of people and the environment is examined.
- [Resource: Indigenous Peoples of Asia – Rus](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-indiginous-people-asia-rus) - Part of a series on the Indigenous Peoples of Asia, this resource examines the Rus People, after whom the country of Russia is named. A brief history of the origins and movements of these people is given. Their traditional way of life and beliefs are discussed, as well as their contact with other groups, including
- [Resource: Extinct Animals in North America](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-extinct-animals-north-america) - This resource extends the North American Geography information of the Regions of North America and Environments of North America resources to examine environmental impact through examining the extinction of animals in North America. The factors that led to the extinction of these animals are discussed and the role of people and the environment is examined.
- [Resource: Indigenous Peoples of Asia – Mongols](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-indiginous-people-asia-mongols) - Part of a series on the Indigenous Peoples of Asia, this resource examines the Mongol People of Mongolia. A brief history of the origins and movements of these people is given. Their traditional way of life and beliefs are discussed, as well as their contact with other groups, including some explorers. Their historical development is
- [Resource: Extinct Animals in Africa](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-extinct-animals-africa) - What does the extinction of the Dodo have to do with the exploration of Australia? The answer may surprise you as the connection is closer than you might think! This resource extends the African Geography information of the Regions of Africa and Environments of Africa resources to examine environmental impact through examining the extinction of
- [Resource: Indigenous Peoples of Asia – Malay](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-indiginous-people-asia-malay) - Part of a series on the Indigenous Peoples of Asia, this resource examines the Malay People of South-East Asia. A brief history of the origins and movements of these people is given. Their traditional way of life, beliefs and language are discussed, as well as their contact with other groups, including some explorers. In addition,
- [Resource: Environments in Asia](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-environments-asia) - Designed to complement the Regions of Asia resource, this resource examines the different environments encountered by a range of explorers and travellers in Asia. This resource links the information on biomes with climate zones to examine the challenges and possibilities of each environment and also contrasts the way that indigenous people understood and used the
- [Resource: Looking After Our Places](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-looking-after-our-places) - This resource for the youngest students has images of how we care for our surroundings: mowing the grass, washing the dishes, cleaning the house, tidying up public places, tidying our room, and putting away toys and books.
- [Resource: My Favourite Sounds](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-my-favourite-sounds) - This resource for the youngest students lists and illustrates some of the sounds one might hear in a favourite place.
- [Resource: History of Australian Democracy](https://openstem.com.au/store/civics-citizenship/civics-citizenship-resources/resource-history-of-australian-democracy) - In this resource we examine democracy in Australia, from Aboriginal custom and law to the huge changes that occurred after Australia was colonised.
- [Resource: The History of Australian National Sport](https://openstem.com.au/store/civics-citizenship/civics-citizenship-resources/resource-the-history-of-australian-national-sport) - This resource examines the growth of an Australian National Identity through sport, and relates that identity to the events surrounding Federation.
- [Resource: Living in the Past](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-living-in-the-past) - This resource uses a narrative device to examine family structures and daily life in the past , in order to help younger students connect with different ways of life. Case studies are presented from 7 time and space locations, describing the life of an imaginary approximately 8 year old child in each.
- [Resource: Finding Out About the Past](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-finding-out-about-the-past) - This resource introduces younger students to the idea of different types of historical sources: oral, textual, photographs, artworks, and artefacts.
- [Resource: Food in the Past](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-food-in-the-past) - This resource presents information about the food from traditional societies around the world.
- [Resource: Museum Labels](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-museum-labels) - This resource guides the students to understand which information is supplied by labels in a museum and how this information helps people to interact with the objects displayed.
- [Resource: In the Museum](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-in-the-museum) - This resource introduces students to the idea of museums and how they display objects from the past.
- [Resource: The Colony of New South Wales](https://openstem.com.au/store/civics-citizenship/civics-citizenship-resources/resource-the-colony-of-new-south-wales) - This resource provides an overview of the history of the colony of New South Wales, from the arrival of the First Fleet to Federation.
- [Resource: The Colony of Queensland](https://openstem.com.au/store/civics-citizenship/civics-citizenship-resources/resource-the-colony-of-queensland) - This resource provides an overview of the history of the colony of Queensland, from the establishment of the convict settlement in 1824 to Federation.
- [Resource: The Colony of South Australia](https://openstem.com.au/store/civics-citizenship/civics-citizenship-resources/resource-the-colony-of-south-australia) - This resource provides an overview of the history of the colony of South Australia, from its carefully planned beginnings in the 1830s to Federation.
- [Resource: The Colony of Tasmania (Van Dieman's Land)](https://openstem.com.au/store/civics-citizenship/civics-citizenship-resources/resource-the-colony-of-tasmania-van-diemans-land) - This resource examines the history of the colony of Tasmania.
- [Resource: The Colony of Victoria](https://openstem.com.au/store/civics-citizenship/civics-citizenship-resources/resource-the-colony-of-victoria) - This resource provides an overview of the history of the colony of Victoria.
- [Resource: The Colony of Western Australia (Swan River Colony)](https://openstem.com.au/store/civics-citizenship/civics-citizenship-resources/resource-the-colony-of-western-australia-swan-river-colony) - This resource provides an overview of the history of the colony of Western Australia, from the early explorations by the Dutch to Federation.
- [Resource: Resistance to Colonial Authorities](https://openstem.com.au/store/civics-citizenship/civics-citizenship-resources/resource-resistance-to-colonial-authorities) - This resource examines resistance to colonial rule in Australia, from Aboriginal resistance to the Rum Rebellion.
- [Resource: Scientific Investigation](https://openstem.com.au/store/english/english-resources/resource-scientific-investigation) - This resource describes the Scientific Method of investigation and Scientific Report writing, with stepwise diagrams and a detailed explanation of each step.
- [Resource: 19th Century Cartoons](https://openstem.com.au/store/civics-citizenship/civics-citizenship-resources/resource-19th-century-cartoons) - This resource gives examples of 19th century cartoons covering a range of topics from Australian history, the colonies, Federation and women's suffrage.
- [Resource: Aboriginal People in the 18th and 19th centuries](https://openstem.com.au/store/civics-citizenship/civics-citizenship-resources/resource-aboriginal-people-in-the-18th-and-19th-centuries) - This resource provides information about Aboriginal society before, and at time of, contact with Europeans.
- [Resource: Aboriginal People and European Diseases](https://openstem.com.au/store/civics-citizenship/civics-citizenship-resources/resource-aboriginal-people-and-european-diseases) - European diseases had an enormous impact on the Aboriginal people of Australia, when they were introduced in the 18th and 19th centuries.
- [Resource: Yeast](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-yeast) - Resource about yeast. What it is, its structure and life cycle, its uses for people, its place in general history, and the role it has played in Australia.
- [Resource: Australia and the Boer War](https://openstem.com.au/store/civics-citizenship/civics-citizenship-resources/resource-australia-and-the-boer-war) - Part of our Federation series, this resource looks at the relationship between the growing 'Australian' identity and the Boer War.
- [Activity: Building A Humpy](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/activity-building-a-humpy) - This resource explains how to build an Aboriginal shelter, sometimes known as a “humpy”.
- [Resource: Children in 18th and 19th century Australia](https://openstem.com.au/store/civics-citizenship/civics-citizenship-resources/resource-children-in-18th-and-19th-century-australia) - This resource examines the lives of different groups of children in Australia during the late 18th and the 19th centuries.
- [Resource: Children in 19th and 20th century Australia](https://openstem.com.au/store/civics-citizenship/civics-citizenship-resources/resource-children-in-19th-and-20th-century-australia) - This resource examines the lives of different groups of children in Australia during the 19th and the early 20th centuries.
- [Resource: Burke and Wills](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-burke-and-wills) - The story of Burke and Wills' crossing of Australia in 1861 is iconic in Australian history.
- [Resource: The Colonial Impact on the Environment](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-the-colonial-impact-on-the-environment) - This resource examines the impact on the Australian environment during the colonial period.
- [Resource: Camels in Australia](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-camels-in-australia) - This resource examines camels in the Australian environment.
- [Resource: Children in the Past](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-children-in-the-past) - This resource is a version of the resource Living in the Past, aimed at the youngest students.
- [Resource: Henry Parkes](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-henry-parkes) - This resource examines the life of Henry Parkes and his role in the politics of Australia, with a special focus on Federation.
- [Resource: Historical Sources](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-historical-sources) - This resource examines a wide variety of different historical sources and the kids of information about the past that they contain.
- [Resource: Homes in the Past](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-homes-in-the-past) - The resource examines different types of homes used by people around the world in the past.
- [Resource: John Oxley](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-john-oxley) - One of the explorers of Australia in the early 19th century, John Oxley played a significant role in the history of New South Wales and Queensland in particular
- [Resource: South Sea Islanders in Australia](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-south-sea-islanders-in-australia) - Resource on the Islander people who arrived in Australia, especially QLD, during the colonial period, and who were mostly sent back in the early 20th century.
- [Resource: Massacres in Australian History](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-massacres-in-australian-history) - This resource explores the use of the word 'massacre' to describe conflict in 19th century Australia and examines a few incidents in some detail. The 19th century was not without violence in Australia. There was conflict over land and resources between many different groups – Aboriginal people and settlers, convicts and settlers and even between
- [Resource: Matthew Flinders](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-matthew-flinders) - Australia has its own history of exploration. One of Australia's explorers is Matthew Flinders, who led the first expedition to circumnavigate Australia. Flinders, together with his companion, George Bass, also demonstrated to the British the existence of Bass Strait and the fact that Tasmania was an island. This allowed the British to reduce their sailing
- [Resource: National Australasian Convention 1891](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-national-australasian-convention-1891) - This resource examines the National Australasian Convention of 1891, which laid much of the groundwork for Federation.
- [Resource: Rabbits in Australia](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-rabbits-in-australia) - This resource examines rabbits in the Australian environment.
- [Resource: Settlers from Britain and Europe in Australia](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-settlers-from-britain-and-europe-in-australia) - This resource examines British and European settlers in Australia – examining the experiences of women, children, squatters, selectors and others.
- [Resource: Stolen Generations](https://openstem.com.au/store/civics-citizenship/civics-citizenship-resources/resource-stolen-generations) - 'Stolen Generations' is a term used to describe the children who were removed from their families by government authorities in Australia.
- [Resource: Women's Suffrage in Britain](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-womens-suffrage-in-britain) - Complementing the resource Women's Suffrage in Australia, this resource examines the historical background to women's suffrage in Britain, compared to Aus.
- [Resource: Chinese People in Australia](https://openstem.com.au/store/civics-citizenship/civics-citizenship-resources/resource-chinese-people-in-australia) - This resource traces the history of Chinese immigrants to Australia, from the First Fleet to the modern era.
- [Resource: Northern Australia and Indonesia – Macassan Traders in Australia](https://openstem.com.au/store/civics-citizenship/civics-citizenship-resources/resource-northern-australia-and-indonesia-macassan-traders-in-australia) - This resource examines the evidence for contacts between Indonesia and Australia through time, with a particular focus on the Macassan trade.
- [Resource: Celebrations in the Past](https://openstem.com.au/store/civics-citizenship/civics-citizenship-resources/resource-celebrations-in-the-past) - Aimed at younger students, this resource continues the ‘Celebrations’ theme, by looking at how popular celebrations were commemorated in Australia in the past.
- [Resource: People In The Past](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-people-in-the-past) - This set of resources presents characters from different countries for students to use in simple role-play activities.
- [Resource: Modern Families Around the World](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-modern-families-around-the-world) - This resource, aimed at younger students, gives sample families from Australia, Brazil, Canada, Denmark, Japan, Saudi Arabia and Somalia.
- [Resource: Plants and Animals Around the World](https://openstem.com.au/store/civics-citizenship/civics-citizenship-resources/resource-plants-and-animals-around-the-world) - This resource, aimed at younger students, is designed to complement the resource Modern Families Around the World. For each of the focus countries, one plant and one animal is described.
- [Resource: States and Territories of Australia](https://openstem.com.au/store/civics-citizenship/civics-citizenship-resources/resource-states-and-territories-of-australia) - This resource introduces the states and territories of Australia with maps and tables and gives the emblematic plants, animals and birds for each state or territory.
- [Resource: Different Families Around the World](https://openstem.com.au/store/civics-citizenship/civics-citizenship-resources/resource-different-families-around-the-world) - This resource describes different types of family structures and multiple examples are given for some countries, rather than the statistical average.
- [Activity: Growing a Plant](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/activity-growing-a-plant) - This resource guides growing a plant as a Scientific Investigation.
- [Resource: Political Campaign](https://openstem.com.au/store/civics-citizenship/civics-citizenship-resources/resource-political-campaign) - This resource introduces students to the political campaign. This resource complements the resource Running a Class Election.
- [Resource: Environmental Issues](https://openstem.com.au/store/civics-citizenship/civics-citizenship-resources/resource-environmental-issues) - This resource describes some examples of environmental issues (and slogans), which are either in the news, or often raised as areas of concern.
- [Resource: Political Issues](https://openstem.com.au/store/civics-citizenship/civics-citizenship-resources/resource-political-issues) - There are many issues which can become the focus of political campaigns. This resource describes some examples of political issues (and slogans), which are either in the news, or often raised as areas of concern, as well as some issues that students might find important (such as homework and free dress).
- [Activity: Running a Class Election](https://openstem.com.au/store/civics-citizenship/civics-citizenship-resources/activity-running-a-class-election) - This activity is designed to give students a first-hand example of Australian democracy, whilst exploring some of the historical aspects of our democratic process, including the use of secret ballot, ballot boxes, election officers and preferential voting.
- [Activity: Show of Hands](https://openstem.com.au/store/civics-citizenship/civics-citizenship-resources/activity-show-of-hands) - This resource gives a historical overview of voting by a show of hands, as well as an activity to think about the pros and cons of this method of voting.
- [Resource: Australia’s Secret Ballot](https://openstem.com.au/store/civics-citizenship/civics-citizenship-resources/resource-australias-secret-ballot) - Australia made a huge contribution to democracy worldwide by developing a secret ballot system that ensured the privacy and security of all voters and votes.
- [Resource: Preferential Voting](https://openstem.com.au/store/civics-citizenship/civics-citizenship-resources/resource-preferential-voting) - The Running A Class Election activity uses preferential voting because this system of counting votes is used in Australian federal and state elections.
- [Resource: My Ancestry](https://openstem.com.au/store/civics-citizenship/civics-citizenship-resources/resource-my-ancestry) - We all have connections to many parts of the world. This resource guides students through the process of starting to examine their own ancestry and heritage.
- [Resource: Why Do People Leave Their Country?](https://openstem.com.au/store/civics-citizenship/civics-citizenship-resources/resource-why-do-people-leave-their-country) - With this resource, students explore different reasons why some nationalities left their home countries to move to Australia, through time.
- [Resource: Desert Peoples in Australia](https://openstem.com.au/store/civics-citizenship/civics-citizenship-resources/resource-desert-peoples-in-australia) - Aboriginal people have lived in the Australian desert for thousands of years. This resource examines some of the ways of life that these groups have developed to cope with the harsh environments in which they live.
- [Resource: Rainforest Peoples in Australia](https://openstem.com.au/store/civics-citizenship/civics-citizenship-resources/resource-rainforest-peoples-in-australia) - The rainforests of Australia had some of the highest population sizes amongst Aboriginal groups at the time of contact with Europeans.
- [Resource: Torres Strait Islanders](https://openstem.com.au/store/civics-citizenship/civics-citizenship-resources/resource-torres-strait-islanders) - The people of the Torres Strait are examined in this resource.
- [Resource: Aboriginal People in Cold Climates in Australia](https://openstem.com.au/store/civics-citizenship/civics-citizenship-resources/resource-aboriginal-people-in-cold-climates-in-australia) - This resource, part of our 'Indigenous People' series, examines the groups that incorporate cold climate areas into their way of life.
- [Resource: Aboriginal People and the Environment](https://openstem.com.au/store/civics-citizenship/civics-citizenship-resources/resource-aboriginal-people-and-the-environment) - This resource examines ways in which Aboriginal people have used and maintained the Australian environment.
- [Resource: Italians in Australia](https://openstem.com.au/store/civics-citizenship/civics-citizenship-resources/resource-italians-in-australia) - This resource, part of our 'Migrants' series, traces the history of Italian people in Australia.
- [Resource: Greek People in Australia](https://openstem.com.au/store/civics-citizenship/civics-citizenship-resources/resource-greek-people-in-australia) - This resource, part of our 'Migrants' series, traces the history of Greek people in Australia.
- [Resource: Irish in Australia](https://openstem.com.au/store/civics-citizenship/civics-citizenship-resources/resource-irish-in-australia) - This resource, part of our 'Migrants' series examines the history and contributions of Irish people in Australia through time.
- [Resource: Indian People in Australia](https://openstem.com.au/store/civics-citizenship/civics-citizenship-resources/resource-indian-people-in-australia) - This resource, part of our 'Migrants' series, examines the history and contributions of Indian people in Australia, through time.
- [Resource: Afghan Cameleers in Australia](https://openstem.com.au/store/civics-citizenship/civics-citizenship-resources/resource-afghan-cameleers-in-australia) - This resource, part of our 'Migrants' series, examines the history and contributions of 'Afghan' cameleers in Australia.
- [Resource: Vietnamese People in Australia](https://openstem.com.au/store/civics-citizenship/civics-citizenship-resources/resource-vietnamese-people-in-australia) - This resource examines the reasons why Vietnamese people have migrated to Australia and the contributions they have made to Australian society.
- [Resource: South African People in Australia](https://openstem.com.au/store/civics-citizenship/civics-citizenship-resources/resource-south-african-people-in-australia) - This resource, part of our 'Migrants' series, traces the migrations of South African people to Australia.
- [Resource: Native Title in Australia](https://openstem.com.au/store/civics-citizenship/civics-citizenship-resources/resource-native-title-in-australia) - This resource explains the history of the native title debate, what native title means and what the current situation in Australia is like.
- [Resource: Aboriginal Suffrage](https://openstem.com.au/store/civics-citizenship/civics-citizenship-resources/resource-aboriginal-suffrage) - This resource traces the history of the voting rights of Aboriginal people in Australia, as well as the struggle for civil rights.
- [Resource: Archaeology Textbook Introduction](https://openstem.com.au/store/history-geography/archaeology-textbook/resource-archaeology-textbook-introduction) - This chapter provides an introduction to our Archaeology Textbook (for Senior Secondary, Ancient History)
- [Resource: Archaeological Survey](https://openstem.com.au/store/history-geography/archaeology-textbook/resource-archaeological-survey) - Archaeological Survey, a chapter in our Archaeology Textbook (for Senior Secondary, Ancient History)
- [Resource: Archaeological Excavation](https://openstem.com.au/store/history-geography/archaeology-textbook/resource-archaeological-excavation) - Archaeological Excavation, a chapter in our Archaeology Textbook (for Senior Secondary, Ancient History)
- [Resource: Types of Archaeological Finds](https://openstem.com.au/store/history-geography/archaeology-textbook/resource-types-of-archaeological-finds) - Types of Archaeological Finds, a chapter in our Archaeology Textbook (for Senior Secondary, Ancient History)
- [Resource: Palaeolithic](https://openstem.com.au/store/history-geography/archaeology-textbook/resource-palaeolithic) - Palaeolithic, a chapter in our Archaeology Textbook (for Senior Secondary, Ancient History)
- [Resource: Mesolithic](https://openstem.com.au/store/history-geography/archaeology-textbook/resource-mesolithic) - Mesolithic, a chapter in our Archaeology Textbook (for Senior Secondary, Ancient History)
- [Resource: Neolithic](https://openstem.com.au/store/history-geography/archaeology-textbook/resource-neolithic) - Neolithic, a chapter in our Archaeology Textbook (for Senior Secondary, Ancient History)
- [Activity: My Family](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/activity-my-family) - This resource, aimed at the youngest students, provides a paper doll cut-out template for use in a colouring-in activity by students to help them describe their family.
- [Resource: Archaeological Analysis](https://openstem.com.au/store/history-geography/archaeology-textbook/resource-archaeological-analysis) - Archaeological Analysis, a chapter in our Archaeology Textbook (for Senior Secondary, Ancient History)
- [Resource: Technology and the Environment](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-technology-and-the-environment) - Tracking the use of technology to manage the environment in Australia, from fire and other land management skills by Aboriginal people, to drones today.
- [Resource: Indigenous Peoples of Asia - Wa](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-indigenous-peoples-of-asia-wa) - Part of a series on the Indigenous Peoples of Asia, this resource examines the Wa People of Burma and China.
- [Resource: Indigenous Peoples of Asia - Yi](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-indigenous-peoples-of-asia-yi) - Part of a series on the Indigenous Peoples of Asia, this resource examines the Yi People of China.
- [Resource: Indigenous Peoples of Asia - Dani](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-indigenous-peoples-of-asia-dani) - Part of a series on the Indigenous Peoples of Asia, this resource examines the Dani People of New Guinea.
- [Resource: Indigenous Peoples of Australia - Quandamooka](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-indigenous-peoples-of-australia-quandamooka) - Part of a series on the Indigenous Peoples of Australia, this resource examines the Quandamooka People of North Stradbroke Island in Queensland.
- [Resource: Indigenous Peoples of Australia - Mithaka](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-indigenous-peoples-of-australia-mithaka) - Part of a series on the Indigenous Peoples of Australia, this resource examines the Mithaka People of Queensland.
- [Resource: Homo floresiensis](https://openstem.com.au/store/history-geography/archaeology-textbook/resource-homo-floresiensis) - In 2004 the discovery of a new type of hominin of very small size on the island of Flores in Indonesia, was announced.
- [Resource: Brisbane Floods of 1893](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-brisbane-floods-of-1893) - This resource, part of our “Natural Disasters in Australia” series, describes a series of disastrous floods, which devastated Brisbane in 1893.
- [Resource: Gundagai Floods](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-gundagai-floods) - This resource is part of our “Natural Disasters in Australia” series. One of the worst disasters of the early colonial period in Australia, and New South Wales, in particular, were the floods of the Murrumbidgee River of 1852.
- [Resource: Black Thursday Bushfires in Victoria](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-black-thursday-bushfires-in-victoria) - The first bushfires to devastate colonial Victoria in 1851, were also some of the worst in colonial history.
- [Resource: Black Friday Bushfires in Victoria](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-black-friday-bushfires-in-victoria) - The “Black Friday” bushfires of 1939 became notorious because of their devastating effect on large parts of the state.
- [Resource: Estevanico](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources/resource-estevanico) - This resource considers the life history and contribution of Estevanico, who was a North African slave who explored parts of North America in the 16th century.
- [Resource: Stratigraphy](https://openstem.com.au/store/history-geography/archaeology-textbook/resource-stratigraphy) - This chapter of the Archaeology Textbook (Senior Secondary, Ancient History) examines some of the basics of stratigraphy, as well as a glimpse into its complexities.
- [Ginger Beer Science Project - Teacher Bundle](https://openstem.com.au/store/unit-teacher-sets/units-year5/ginger-beer-science-project-teacher-bundle) - Bundle containing all the materials required for the Ginger Beer Science Project unit.
- [Ginger Beer Project Workshops](https://openstem.com.au/store/mathematics/maths-workshops/ginger-beer-project-workshops) - (optional) facilitated workshop component of our Ginger Beer Science Project unit, where students brew a small barrel of (non-alcoholic!) ginger beer.
- [HASS 6.4 bundle: We Are One, But We Are Many](https://openstem.com.au/store/unit-teacher-sets/units-year6/hass-6-4-bundle-we-are-one-but-we-are-many) - Bundle containing all components of HASS/Science Year 6 unit 6.4
- [HASS 6.3 bundle: Young Australia](https://openstem.com.au/store/unit-teacher-sets/units-year6/hass-6-3-bundle-young-australia) - Bundle containing all components of HASS/Science Year 6 unit 6.3: "Young Australia"
- [HASS 6.2 bundle – Exploring Asia](https://openstem.com.au/store/unit-teacher-sets/units-year6/hass-6-2-bundle-exploring-asia) - Bundle containing all components of HASS/Science Year 6 unit 6.2 Teacher handbook with complete lesson plans, student workbook and model answers, curriculum mapping, assessment guide, plus all the resource PDFs for History & Geography + Science Year 6, Unit 6.2: "Exploring Asia" Minimum time allocation of one hour per week. Extensions are provided for up to 3 hours
- [HASS 6.1 bundle – Ancient Explorers: Ice Age travellers, the settlement of Australia, Asia and the Americas](https://openstem.com.au/store/unit-teacher-sets/units-year6/hass-6-1-bundle-ancient-explorers-ice-age-travellers-the-settlement-of-australia-asia-and-the-americas) - Bundle containing all components of HASS/Science Year 6 unit 6.1 Teacher handbook with complete lesson plans, curriculum mapping and assessment guide, student workbook and model answers, plus all the resource PDFs for HASS + Science: Understanding Our World Year 6, Unit 6.1: “Ancient Explorers: Ice Age travellers, the settlement of Australia, Asia and the Americas” Minimum
- [HASS 5.4 bundle: Shaping Society - Working Together](https://openstem.com.au/store/unit-teacher-sets/units-year5/hass-5-4-bundle-shaping-society-working-together) - Bundle containing all components of HASS/Science Year 5 unit 5.4
- [HASS 5.3 bundle: The Colonial Experience In Australia](https://openstem.com.au/store/unit-teacher-sets/units-year5/hass-5-3-bundle-the-colonial-experience-in-australia) - Bundle containing all components of HASS/Science Year 5 unit 5.3: "The Colonial Experience In Australia"
- [HASS 5.2 bundle - Exploring America](https://openstem.com.au/store/unit-teacher-sets/units-year5/hass-5-2-bundle-exploring-america) - Bundle containing all components of HASS/Science Year 5 unit 5.2 Teacher handbook with complete lesson plans, curriculum mapping and assessment guide, student workbook and model answers, plus all the resource PDFs for HASS + Science: Understanding Our World Year 5, Unit 5.2: "Exploring America" Minimum time allocation of one hour per week. Extensions are provided for up to
- [HASS 5.1 bundle – Ancient Explorers: Ice Age travellers, the settlement of Australia and the Americas](https://openstem.com.au/store/unit-teacher-sets/units-year5/hass-5-1-bundle-ancient-explorers-ice-age-travellers-the-settlement-of-australia-and-the-americas) - Bundle containing all components of HASS/Science Year 5 unit 5.1 Teacher handbook with complete lesson plans, curriculum mapping and assessment guide, student workbook and model answers, plus all the resource PDFs for HASS + Science: Understanding Our World Year 5, Unit 5.1: “Ancient Explorers: Ice Age travellers, the settlement of Australia and the Americas” Minimum time
- [HASS 4.4 bundle: Shaping the Future - Diversity and Technology](https://openstem.com.au/store/unit-teacher-sets/units-year4/hass-4-4-bundle-shaping-the-future-diversity-and-technology) - Bundle containing all components of HASS/Science Year 4 unit 4.4
- [HASS 4.3 bundle: Origins of Australia](https://openstem.com.au/store/unit-teacher-sets/units-year4/hass-4-3-bundle-origins-of-australia) - Bundle containing all components of HASS/Science Year 4 unit 4.3 Teacher handbook with complete lesson plans, curriculum mapping and assessment guide, student workbook and model answers, plus all the resource PDFs for HASS + Science: Understanding Our World Year 4 Unit 4.3: "Origins of Australia" Minimum time allocation of one hour per week. Extensions are provided for up
- [HASS 4.2 bundle – Exploring Africa and South America](https://openstem.com.au/store/unit-teacher-sets/units-year4/hass-4-2-bundle-exploring-africa-and-south-america) - Bundle containing all components of HASS/Science Year 4 unit 4.2 Teacher handbook with complete lesson plans, curriculum mapping and assessment guide, student workbook and model answers, plus all the resource PDFs for HASS + Science: Understanding Our World Year 4 Unit 4.2: "Exploring Africa and South America" Minimum time allocation of one hour per week. Extensions are
- [HASS 4.1 bundle – Ancient Explorers: Ice Age travellers, the settlement of Australia](https://openstem.com.au/store/unit-teacher-sets/units-year4/hass-4-1-bundle-ancient-explorers-ice-age-travellers-the-settlement-of-australia) - Bundle containing all components of HASS/Science Year 4 unit 4.1 Teacher handbook with complete lesson plans, curriculum mapping and assessment guide, student workbook and model answers, plus all the resource PDFs for HASS + Science: Understanding Our World Year 4 Unit 4.1: “Ancient Explorers: Ice Age travellers, the settlement of Australia” Minimum time allocation of one hour per week.
- [HASS 2.4 bundle: Our Earth's Special Places](https://openstem.com.au/store/unit-teacher-sets/units-year2/hass-2-4-bundle-our-earths-special-places) - Bundle containing all components of HASS/Science Year 2 unit 2.4
- [HASS 2.3 bundle: Daily Life in the Past](https://openstem.com.au/store/unit-teacher-sets/units-year2/hass-2-3-bundle-daily-life-in-the-past) - In this unit, students examine how people's lives have changed in terms of family structure, technology and connections across the planet.
- [HASS 2.2 bundle - Our Local Landscape](https://openstem.com.au/store/unit-teacher-sets/units-year2/hass-2-2-bundle-our-local-landscape) - Bundle containing all components of HASS/Science Year 2 unit 2.2 Teacher handbook with complete lesson plans, curriculum mapping and assessment guide, student workbook and model answers, plus all the resource PDFs for History & Geography + Science: Understanding Our World Year 2 Unit 2.2: "Our Local Landscape" Minimum time allocation half an hour per week, optimal 1 hour
- [HASS 2.1 bundle – Our Changing World](https://openstem.com.au/store/unit-teacher-sets/units-year2/hass-2-1-bundle-our-changing-world) - Bundle containing all components of HASS/Science Year 2 unit 2.1 Teacher handbook with complete lesson plans, curriculum mapping and assessment guide, student workbook and model answers, plus all the resource PDFs for History & Geography + Science: Understanding Our World Year 2 Unit 2.1: “Our Changing World” Minimum time allocation half an hour per week, optimal 1 hour a
- [HASS 1.3 bundle: Families Through Time](https://openstem.com.au/store/unit-teacher-sets/units-year1/hass-1-3-bundle-families-through-time) - Bundle containing all components of HASS/Science Year 1 unit 1.3 Teacher handbook with complete lesson plans, curriculum mapping, assessment guide, student workbook and model answers (5 PDFs) for History & Geography + Science: Understanding Our World Year 1 Unit 1.3: "Families Through Time" Minimum time allocation half an hour per week, optimal 1 hour a week. This unit investigates how
- [HASS 1.4 bundle: Families Around The World](https://openstem.com.au/store/unit-teacher-sets/units-year1/hass-1-4-bundle-families-around-the-world) - Bundle containing all components of HASS/Science Year 1 unit 1.4
- [HASS 1.2 bundle - Our Landscape](https://openstem.com.au/store/unit-teacher-sets/units-year1/hass-1-2-bundle-our-landscape) - Bundle containing all components of HASS/Science Year 1 unit 1.2 Teacher handbook with complete lesson plans, curriculum mapping and assessment guide, student workbook and model answers, plus all the resource PDFs for History & Geography + Science: Understanding Our World Year 1 Unit 1.2: "Our Landscape" Minimum time allocation half an hour per week, optimal 1 hour a week.
- [HASS 1.1 bundle – Seasons In Our Lives](https://openstem.com.au/store/unit-teacher-sets/units-year1/hass-1-1-bundle-seasons-in-our-lives) - Bundle containing all components of HASS/Science Year 1 unit 1.1 Teacher handbook with complete lesson plans, curriculum mapping and assessment guide, student workbook and model answers, plus all the resource PDFs for History & Geography + Science: Understanding Our World Year 1 Unit 1.1: “Seasons In Our Lives” Minimum time allocation half an hour per week, optimal 1
- [HASS F.5 bundle – My Global Family](https://openstem.com.au/store/unit-teacher-sets/units-foundation/hass-f-5-bundle-my-global-family) - Bundle containing all components of HASS/Science Foundation unit F.5
- [HASS F.4 bundle: How Has Life Changed?](https://openstem.com.au/store/unit-teacher-sets/units-foundation/hass-f-4-bundle-how-has-life-changed) - Bundle containing all components of HASS/Science Foundation Year unit F.4
- [HASS F.3 bundle: Children Long Ago](https://openstem.com.au/store/unit-teacher-sets/units-foundation/hass-f-3-bundle-children-long-ago) - Bundle containing all components of HASS/Science K/Prep/Foundation Year unit F.3
- [HASS F.2 bundle - Where we Live](https://openstem.com.au/store/unit-teacher-sets/units-foundation/hass-f-2-bundle-where-we-live) - Bundle containing all components of HASS/Science K/Prep/Foundation Year unit F.2 Teacher handbook with complete lesson plans, curriculum mapping and assessment guide, plus all the resource PDFs for History & Geography + Science: Understanding Our World K/Prep/Foundation Year Foundation Unit 2 “Where we Live” Minimum time allocation half an hour per week, optimal 1 hour a week. This unit investigates places where
- [HASS F.1 bundle – Me and My Global Family](https://openstem.com.au/store/unit-teacher-sets/units-foundation/hass-f-1-bundle-me-and-my-global-family) - Bundle containing all components of HASS/Science Foundation unit F.1 Teacher handbook with complete lesson plans, curriculum mapping and assessment guide, plus all the resource PDFs for History & Geography + Science: Understanding Our World K/Prep/Foundation Year Term 1 – Unit “Me and My Global Family” Minimum time allocation half an hour per week, optimal 1 hour a week.
- [Archaeological Dig Workshops](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/hass-workshops/archaeological-dig) - In this program, we set up a mock archaeological dig in a sandpit (or long jump pit) so that students can get a taste of life as an archaeologist. The program has 5 components, ideally run over 5 weeks: an introductory week; a preparation and setup week (2 hour workshop); one week for excavation (2 hour
- [Tux of Math Command](https://openstem.com.au/store/digital-technologies/digitech-software/tux-of-math-command) - Defend penguins from incoming comets by answering various sums right, many challenges all the way from learning numbers to highschool level. Directly addresses aspects of the Maths curriculum. Available for Windows, OSX and Linux. You can download the Windows and OSX versions from here as well as the source code, on Linux search for TuxMath in
- [Tux Typing](https://openstem.com.au/store/english/english-software/tux-typing) - Help penguin Tux catch fish by typing the correct letters or words, many challenges all the way from getting to know the keyboard and the alphabet. Directly addresses aspects of the English curriculum. Available for Windows, OSX and Linux. You can download the Windows and OSX versions from here as well as the source code, on
- [Tux Paint](https://openstem.com.au/store/digital-technologies/digitech-software/tux-paint) - Tux Paint is a free, award-winning drawing program for children ages 3 to 12, it is used in schools around the world as a computer literacy drawing activity. It combines an easy-to-use interface, fun sound effects, and an encouraging cartoon mascot who guides children as they use the program. Available for Windows, OSX, Linux, Android and
- [Intro to Archaeology and Fossils Workshop](https://openstem.com.au/store/humanities-social-sciences/hass-workshops/intro-to-archaeology-and-fossils-workshop) - An interactive experience with our archaeologist for students in all year levels of Primary or High School (maximum 100 students per workshop). This workshop discusses the basic concepts in the discipline of archaeology and provides a very brief introduction to palaeontology, with examples of some fossil hominin skulls printed on a 3D printer from scans of
- [Khan Academy](https://openstem.com.au/store/english/english-online-resources/khan-academy) - Online learning, exercises and challenges in a wide range of subjects at Khan Academy. Always free, but if you're an educational organisation please do budget a regular a donation to this awesome service to help ensure its continued thriving.
- [LibreOffice: word processing, spreadsheets, presentations](https://openstem.com.au/store/english/english-software/libreoffice) - Word Processing, Spreadsheets, Presentations, and more. Reads&Writes MS Office format files. LibreOffice is Free/Open Source software, available for Windows, Mac OSX and Linux.
- [Bebras Computational Thinking Challenge](https://openstem.com.au/store/digital-technologies/digitech-online-resources/bebras-computational-thinking-challenge) - Free Computational Thinking Challenges for Schools Students from Year 3 and up. Available throughout the year, with a schools challenge each March and September. Bebras is an international collaboration, supported in Australia by National ICT Australia (NICTA, Australian Government).
- [Inkscape: vector drawing and design](https://openstem.com.au/store/digital-technologies/digitech-software/inkscape) - Inkscape is a vector graphics editor which runs on Windows, Mac OS X and Linux. It is used by design professionals, hobbyists and students worldwide, for creating a wide variety of graphics such as illustrations, icons, logos, diagrams, maps and web graphics. Inkscape uses open standard SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) as its native format, and is Free/Open
- [GIMP: photo and image editing](https://openstem.com.au/store/digital-technologies/digitech-software/gimp-gnu-image-manipulation-program) - The GNU Image Manipulation Program (GIMP) is Free/Open Source software for such tasks as photo retouching, image composition and image authoring. It is available for Windows, Mac OSX and Linux.
- [Wikipedia](https://openstem.com.au/store/digital-technologies/digitech-online-resources/wikipedia) - Wikipedia is an excellent starting point for exploration or research. It is not to be used as a direct reference, but you can use it to gain an overview and then looking up and following references as well as discover and explore related topics. Always free, but if you're an educational organisation please do budget a regular

## Categories

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- [Science](https://openstem.com.au/category/science)
- [Events](https://openstem.com.au/category/events)
- [This Week in HASS](https://openstem.com.au/category/this-week-in-hass)
- [Human Family Tree](https://openstem.com.au/category/human-family-tree)
- [Women in Science](https://openstem.com.au/category/women-in-science)
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## Tags

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- [CubeSat](https://openstem.com.au/tag/cubesat)
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- [3D printing](https://openstem.com.au/tag/3d-printing)
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- [satellite](https://openstem.com.au/tag/satellite)
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- [arduino](https://openstem.com.au/tag/arduino)
- [lego](https://openstem.com.au/tag/lego)
- [optics](https://openstem.com.au/tag/optics)
- [light](https://openstem.com.au/tag/light)
- [libreoffice](https://openstem.com.au/tag/libreoffice)
- [openoffice](https://openstem.com.au/tag/openoffice)
- [document](https://openstem.com.au/tag/document)
- [spreadsheet](https://openstem.com.au/tag/spreadsheet)
- [presentation](https://openstem.com.au/tag/presentation)
- [heium](https://openstem.com.au/tag/heium)
- [superfluid](https://openstem.com.au/tag/superfluid)
- [viscocity](https://openstem.com.au/tag/viscocity)
- [rules of thumb](https://openstem.com.au/tag/rules-of-thumb)
- [rules](https://openstem.com.au/tag/rules)
- [newtonian physical](https://openstem.com.au/tag/newtonian-physical)
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- [relativity](https://openstem.com.au/tag/relativity)
- [quantum physics](https://openstem.com.au/tag/quantum-physics)
- [Elon Musk](https://openstem.com.au/tag/elon-musk)
- [Tesla Motors](https://openstem.com.au/tag/tesla-motors)
- [SpaceX](https://openstem.com.au/tag/spacex)
- [AI](https://openstem.com.au/tag/ai)
- [Artificial Intelligence](https://openstem.com.au/tag/artificial-intelligence)
- [2001](https://openstem.com.au/tag/2001)
- [HAL 9000](https://openstem.com.au/tag/hal-9000)
- [Ian Banks](https://openstem.com.au/tag/ian-banks)
- [The Culture](https://openstem.com.au/tag/the-culture)
- [Stanley Kubrick](https://openstem.com.au/tag/stanley-kubrick)
- [muppets](https://openstem.com.au/tag/muppets)
- [computers](https://openstem.com.au/tag/computers)
- [ArduBlock](https://openstem.com.au/tag/ardublock)
- [code](https://openstem.com.au/tag/code)
- [visual programming](https://openstem.com.au/tag/visual-programming)
- [Scratch](https://openstem.com.au/tag/scratch)
- [train](https://openstem.com.au/tag/train)
- [magnet](https://openstem.com.au/tag/magnet)
- [neodymium](https://openstem.com.au/tag/neodymium)
- [rare-earth](https://openstem.com.au/tag/rare-earth)
- [motor](https://openstem.com.au/tag/motor)
- [Kano](https://openstem.com.au/tag/kano)
- [Raspberr Pi](https://openstem.com.au/tag/raspberr-pi)
- [Beagle 2](https://openstem.com.au/tag/beagle-2)
- [ESA](https://openstem.com.au/tag/esa)
- [NASA](https://openstem.com.au/tag/nasa)
- [Mars](https://openstem.com.au/tag/mars)
- [space](https://openstem.com.au/tag/space)
- [exploration](https://openstem.com.au/tag/exploration)
- [HiRISE](https://openstem.com.au/tag/hirise)
- [EMDrive](https://openstem.com.au/tag/emdrive)
- [Unruh](https://openstem.com.au/tag/unruh)
- [Shawyer](https://openstem.com.au/tag/shawyer)
- [impulse engine](https://openstem.com.au/tag/impulse-engine)
- [space travel](https://openstem.com.au/tag/space-travel)
- [quantum](https://openstem.com.au/tag/quantum)
- [Cannae Drive](https://openstem.com.au/tag/cannae-drive)
- [archery](https://openstem.com.au/tag/archery)
- [history](https://openstem.com.au/tag/history)
- [research](https://openstem.com.au/tag/research)
- [logic](https://openstem.com.au/tag/logic)
- [questions](https://openstem.com.au/tag/questions)
- [phrasing](https://openstem.com.au/tag/phrasing)
- [ambiguity](https://openstem.com.au/tag/ambiguity)
- [literal](https://openstem.com.au/tag/literal)
- [thinking](https://openstem.com.au/tag/thinking)
- [games](https://openstem.com.au/tag/games)
- [coding](https://openstem.com.au/tag/coding)
- [html](https://openstem.com.au/tag/html)
- [css](https://openstem.com.au/tag/css)
- [hacking](https://openstem.com.au/tag/hacking)
- [kittens](https://openstem.com.au/tag/kittens)
- [EAK](https://openstem.com.au/tag/eak)
- [writing](https://openstem.com.au/tag/writing)
- [typing](https://openstem.com.au/tag/typing)
- [keyboard](https://openstem.com.au/tag/keyboard)
- [mouse](https://openstem.com.au/tag/mouse)
- [gcompris](https://openstem.com.au/tag/gcompris)
- [lizard](https://openstem.com.au/tag/lizard)
- [skink](https://openstem.com.au/tag/skink)
- [live birth](https://openstem.com.au/tag/live-birth)
- [eggs](https://openstem.com.au/tag/eggs)
- [evolution](https://openstem.com.au/tag/evolution)
- [copyright](https://openstem.com.au/tag/copyright)
- [property](https://openstem.com.au/tag/property)
- [IP](https://openstem.com.au/tag/ip)
- [cerf](https://openstem.com.au/tag/cerf)
- [Open Source](https://openstem.com.au/tag/open-source)
- [Open Standards](https://openstem.com.au/tag/open-standards)
- [patents](https://openstem.com.au/tag/patents)
- [rosetta](https://openstem.com.au/tag/rosetta)
- [comet](https://openstem.com.au/tag/comet)
- [cyclone](https://openstem.com.au/tag/cyclone)
- [earth](https://openstem.com.au/tag/earth)
- [wind](https://openstem.com.au/tag/wind)
- [sea](https://openstem.com.au/tag/sea)
- [weather](https://openstem.com.au/tag/weather)
- [nullschool](https://openstem.com.au/tag/nullschool)
- [assembly](https://openstem.com.au/tag/assembly)
- [women](https://openstem.com.au/tag/women)
- [chemistry](https://openstem.com.au/tag/chemistry)
- [OECD](https://openstem.com.au/tag/oecd)
- [report](https://openstem.com.au/tag/report)
- [girls](https://openstem.com.au/tag/girls)
- [Dawn](https://openstem.com.au/tag/dawn)
- [Ceres](https://openstem.com.au/tag/ceres)
- [Vesta](https://openstem.com.au/tag/vesta)
- [dwarf planet](https://openstem.com.au/tag/dwarf-planet)
- [asteroid belt](https://openstem.com.au/tag/asteroid-belt)
- [bionics](https://openstem.com.au/tag/bionics)
- [3Dhope](https://openstem.com.au/tag/3dhope)
- [Limbitless](https://openstem.com.au/tag/limbitless)
- [limbs](https://openstem.com.au/tag/limbs)
- [leg](https://openstem.com.au/tag/leg)
- [Ganymede](https://openstem.com.au/tag/ganymede)
- [Jupiter](https://openstem.com.au/tag/jupiter)
- [Hubble](https://openstem.com.au/tag/hubble)
- [water](https://openstem.com.au/tag/water)
- [ocean](https://openstem.com.au/tag/ocean)
- [moon](https://openstem.com.au/tag/moon)
- [pi](https://openstem.com.au/tag/pi)
- [pi2015](https://openstem.com.au/tag/pi2015)
- [PI Day](https://openstem.com.au/tag/pi-day)
- [Einstein](https://openstem.com.au/tag/einstein)
- [JPL](https://openstem.com.au/tag/jpl)
- [license](https://openstem.com.au/tag/license)
- [licensing](https://openstem.com.au/tag/licensing)
- [NonCommercial](https://openstem.com.au/tag/noncommercial)
- [ShareAlike](https://openstem.com.au/tag/sharealike)
- [Creative Commons](https://openstem.com.au/tag/creative-commons)
- [Attribution](https://openstem.com.au/tag/attribution)
- [model](https://openstem.com.au/tag/model)
- [RC](https://openstem.com.au/tag/rc)
- [remote](https://openstem.com.au/tag/remote)
- [airplane](https://openstem.com.au/tag/airplane)
- [Airbus A310-200](https://openstem.com.au/tag/airbus-a310-200)
- [BBC](https://openstem.com.au/tag/bbc)
- [Microbit](https://openstem.com.au/tag/microbit)
- [Make It Digital](https://openstem.com.au/tag/make-it-digital)
- [mirobot](https://openstem.com.au/tag/mirobot)
- [kickstarter](https://openstem.com.au/tag/kickstarter)
- [JPhO](https://openstem.com.au/tag/jpho)
- [physics](https://openstem.com.au/tag/physics)
- [olympiad](https://openstem.com.au/tag/olympiad)
- [UQ](https://openstem.com.au/tag/uq)
- [TED](https://openstem.com.au/tag/ted)
- [TED-Ed](https://openstem.com.au/tag/ted-ed)
- [videos](https://openstem.com.au/tag/videos)
- [periodic table](https://openstem.com.au/tag/periodic-table)
- [elements](https://openstem.com.au/tag/elements)
- [robots](https://openstem.com.au/tag/robots)
- [logo](https://openstem.com.au/tag/logo)
- [turtle](https://openstem.com.au/tag/turtle)
- [RP101](https://openstem.com.au/tag/rp101)
- [archaeology](https://openstem.com.au/tag/archaeology)
- [biology](https://openstem.com.au/tag/biology)
- [antarctica](https://openstem.com.au/tag/antarctica)
- [Yeti crab](https://openstem.com.au/tag/yeti-crab)
- [hydrothermal vents](https://openstem.com.au/tag/hydrothermal-vents)
- [journal](https://openstem.com.au/tag/journal)
- [Royal Society](https://openstem.com.au/tag/royal-society)
- [IJCAI](https://openstem.com.au/tag/ijcai)
- [autonomous weapons](https://openstem.com.au/tag/autonomous-weapons)
- [killer robots](https://openstem.com.au/tag/killer-robots)
- [arms](https://openstem.com.au/tag/arms)
- [astrobiology](https://openstem.com.au/tag/astrobiology)
- [lithochemistry](https://openstem.com.au/tag/lithochemistry)
- [QUT](https://openstem.com.au/tag/qut)
- [Abigail Allwood](https://openstem.com.au/tag/abigail-allwood)
- [Viktor Zhdanov](https://openstem.com.au/tag/viktor-zhdanov)
- [smallpox](https://openstem.com.au/tag/smallpox)
- [vaccine](https://openstem.com.au/tag/vaccine)
- [Queensland](https://openstem.com.au/tag/queensland)
- [technology](https://openstem.com.au/tag/technology)
- [schools](https://openstem.com.au/tag/schools)
- [electric](https://openstem.com.au/tag/electric)
- [vehicle](https://openstem.com.au/tag/vehicle)
- [solar challenge](https://openstem.com.au/tag/solar-challenge)
- [Stella Lux](https://openstem.com.au/tag/stella-lux)
- [PV](https://openstem.com.au/tag/pv)
- [solar power](https://openstem.com.au/tag/solar-power)
- [Bebras](https://openstem.com.au/tag/bebras)
- [Challenge](https://openstem.com.au/tag/challenge)
- [problem solving](https://openstem.com.au/tag/problem-solving)
- [Elite](https://openstem.com.au/tag/elite)
- [computer games](https://openstem.com.au/tag/computer-games)
- [Acorn BBC](https://openstem.com.au/tag/acorn-bbc)
- [OSDC](https://openstem.com.au/tag/osdc)
- [Conference](https://openstem.com.au/tag/conference)
- [flowchart](https://openstem.com.au/tag/flowchart)
- [songsincode](https://openstem.com.au/tag/songsincode)
- [caterpillar](https://openstem.com.au/tag/caterpillar)
- [crystal set](https://openstem.com.au/tag/crystal-set)
- [Big Bang](https://openstem.com.au/tag/big-bang)
- [neutrinis](https://openstem.com.au/tag/neutrinis)
- [Universe](https://openstem.com.au/tag/universe)
- [journalim](https://openstem.com.au/tag/journalim)
- [awards](https://openstem.com.au/tag/awards)
- [quadcopter](https://openstem.com.au/tag/quadcopter)
- [brain](https://openstem.com.au/tag/brain)
- [interface](https://openstem.com.au/tag/interface)
- [EEG](https://openstem.com.au/tag/eeg)
- [school](https://openstem.com.au/tag/school)
- [maker](https://openstem.com.au/tag/maker)
- [makerspace](https://openstem.com.au/tag/makerspace)
- [makerkids](https://openstem.com.au/tag/makerkids)
- [explore](https://openstem.com.au/tag/explore)
- [learn](https://openstem.com.au/tag/learn)
- [kits](https://openstem.com.au/tag/kits)
- [boolean algebra](https://openstem.com.au/tag/boolean-algebra)
- [symbolic logic](https://openstem.com.au/tag/symbolic-logic)
- [Boole](https://openstem.com.au/tag/boole)
- [boolean](https://openstem.com.au/tag/boolean)
- [incursion](https://openstem.com.au/tag/incursion)
- [dig](https://openstem.com.au/tag/dig)
- [osdconf](https://openstem.com.au/tag/osdconf)
- [fossils](https://openstem.com.au/tag/fossils)
- [students](https://openstem.com.au/tag/students)
- [STEM](https://openstem.com.au/tag/stem)
- [education](https://openstem.com.au/tag/education)
- [geography](https://openstem.com.au/tag/geography)
- [activity](https://openstem.com.au/tag/activity)
- [humanities and social sciences](https://openstem.com.au/tag/humanities-and-social-sciences)
- [HASS](https://openstem.com.au/tag/hass)
- [teacher](https://openstem.com.au/tag/teacher)
- [program](https://openstem.com.au/tag/program)
- [class](https://openstem.com.au/tag/class)
- [classroom](https://openstem.com.au/tag/classroom)
- [lesson plan](https://openstem.com.au/tag/lesson-plan)
- [resources](https://openstem.com.au/tag/resources)
- [curriculum](https://openstem.com.au/tag/curriculum)
- [educators](https://openstem.com.au/tag/educators)
- [free](https://openstem.com.au/tag/free)
- [Brisbane](https://openstem.com.au/tag/brisbane)
- [Gold Coast](https://openstem.com.au/tag/gold-coast)
- [Sunshine Coast](https://openstem.com.au/tag/sunshine-coast)
- [Ipswich](https://openstem.com.au/tag/ipswich)
- [Toowoomba](https://openstem.com.au/tag/toowoomba)
- [samples](https://openstem.com.au/tag/samples)
- [gravity](https://openstem.com.au/tag/gravity)
- [gravitational waves](https://openstem.com.au/tag/gravitational-waves)
- [LIGO](https://openstem.com.au/tag/ligo)
- [eniac](https://openstem.com.au/tag/eniac)
- [programmers](https://openstem.com.au/tag/programmers)
- [age](https://openstem.com.au/tag/age)
- [literacy](https://openstem.com.au/tag/literacy)
- [numeracy](https://openstem.com.au/tag/numeracy)
- [skills](https://openstem.com.au/tag/skills)
- [practice](https://openstem.com.au/tag/practice)
- [muscle memory](https://openstem.com.au/tag/muscle-memory)
- [neural nets](https://openstem.com.au/tag/neural-nets)
- [brains](https://openstem.com.au/tag/brains)
- [humans](https://openstem.com.au/tag/humans)
- [stonehenge](https://openstem.com.au/tag/stonehenge)
- [leapday](https://openstem.com.au/tag/leapday)
- [leap year special](https://openstem.com.au/tag/leap-year-special)
- [engineering](https://openstem.com.au/tag/engineering)
- [marble machine](https://openstem.com.au/tag/marble-machine)
- [Winter Gatan](https://openstem.com.au/tag/winter-gatan)
- [surgery](https://openstem.com.au/tag/surgery)
- [tumour](https://openstem.com.au/tag/tumour)
- [vertibrae](https://openstem.com.au/tag/vertibrae)
- [neck](https://openstem.com.au/tag/neck)
- [email](https://openstem.com.au/tag/email)
- [Ray Tomlinson](https://openstem.com.au/tag/ray-tomlinson)
- [RFC-822](https://openstem.com.au/tag/rfc-822)
- [RFC-561](https://openstem.com.au/tag/rfc-561)
- [invention](https://openstem.com.au/tag/invention)
- [inventor](https://openstem.com.au/tag/inventor)
- [credit](https://openstem.com.au/tag/credit)
- [scientists](https://openstem.com.au/tag/scientists)
- [inventions](https://openstem.com.au/tag/inventions)
- [inventors](https://openstem.com.au/tag/inventors)
- [Nobel prize](https://openstem.com.au/tag/nobel-prize)
- [Rosalind Franklin](https://openstem.com.au/tag/rosalind-franklin)
- [DNA](https://openstem.com.au/tag/dna)
- [double helix](https://openstem.com.au/tag/double-helix)
- [piday](https://openstem.com.au/tag/piday)
- [sexism](https://openstem.com.au/tag/sexism)
- [fail](https://openstem.com.au/tag/fail)
- [explorers](https://openstem.com.au/tag/explorers)
- [Vikings](https://openstem.com.au/tag/vikings)
- [North America](https://openstem.com.au/tag/north-america)
- [OpenSTEM](https://openstem.com.au/tag/openstem)
- [polo shirts](https://openstem.com.au/tag/polo-shirts)
- [media](https://openstem.com.au/tag/media)
- [news](https://openstem.com.au/tag/news)
- [Channel TEN](https://openstem.com.au/tag/channel-ten)
- [Seville Road State School](https://openstem.com.au/tag/seville-road-state-school)
- [Robotics Program](https://openstem.com.au/tag/robotics-program)
- [TV](https://openstem.com.au/tag/tv)
- [digital technologies](https://openstem.com.au/tag/digital-technologies)
- [Kilcoy Show](https://openstem.com.au/tag/kilcoy-show)
- [preview](https://openstem.com.au/tag/preview)
- [conasta](https://openstem.com.au/tag/conasta)
- [conasta2016](https://openstem.com.au/tag/conasta2016)
- [digicon](https://openstem.com.au/tag/digicon)
- [digicon2016](https://openstem.com.au/tag/digicon2016)
- [Nellie Bly](https://openstem.com.au/tag/nellie-bly)
- [#auspol](https://openstem.com.au/tag/auspol)
- [cybernetics](https://openstem.com.au/tag/cybernetics)
- [cybathlon](https://openstem.com.au/tag/cybathlon)
- [assistive technologies](https://openstem.com.au/tag/assistive-technologies)
- [cyborg](https://openstem.com.au/tag/cyborg)
- [olympics](https://openstem.com.au/tag/olympics)
- [health](https://openstem.com.au/tag/health)
- [ethics](https://openstem.com.au/tag/ethics)
- [open data](https://openstem.com.au/tag/open-data)
- [Australia](https://openstem.com.au/tag/australia)
- [tectonic plates](https://openstem.com.au/tag/tectonic-plates)
- [GDA94](https://openstem.com.au/tag/gda94)
- [GDA1994](https://openstem.com.au/tag/gda1994)
- [GDA2020](https://openstem.com.au/tag/gda2020)
- [GWS84](https://openstem.com.au/tag/gws84)
- [Papert](https://openstem.com.au/tag/papert)
- [Seamour Papert](https://openstem.com.au/tag/seamour-papert)
- [Internet](https://openstem.com.au/tag/internet)
- [Gopher](https://openstem.com.au/tag/gopher)
- [protocol](https://openstem.com.au/tag/protocol)
- [World Wide Web](https://openstem.com.au/tag/world-wide-web)
- [Tim Berners-Lee](https://openstem.com.au/tag/tim-berners-lee)
- [NCSA Mosaic](https://openstem.com.au/tag/ncsa-mosaic)
- [NeXT](https://openstem.com.au/tag/next)
- [University of Minnesota](https://openstem.com.au/tag/university-of-minnesota)
- [1992](https://openstem.com.au/tag/1992)
- [Understanding Our World](https://openstem.com.au/tag/understanding-our-world)
- [Primary School](https://openstem.com.au/tag/primary-school)
- [workshops](https://openstem.com.au/tag/workshops)
- [human ancestors](https://openstem.com.au/tag/human-ancestors)
- [calendar](https://openstem.com.au/tag/calendar)
- [timeline](https://openstem.com.au/tag/timeline)
- [seasons](https://openstem.com.au/tag/seasons)
- [celebrations](https://openstem.com.au/tag/celebrations)
- [Ice Age](https://openstem.com.au/tag/ice-age)
- [modern humans](https://openstem.com.au/tag/modern-humans)
- [fake news](https://openstem.com.au/tag/fake-news)
- [journalism](https://openstem.com.au/tag/journalism)
- [Lake Mungo](https://openstem.com.au/tag/lake-mungo)
- [Mayan calendar](https://openstem.com.au/tag/mayan-calendar)
- [Alfred Wallace](https://openstem.com.au/tag/alfred-wallace)
- [climate](https://openstem.com.au/tag/climate)
- [Aboriginal people](https://openstem.com.au/tag/aboriginal-people)
- [Floris](https://openstem.com.au/tag/floris)
- [Homo floriensis](https://openstem.com.au/tag/homo-floriensis)
- [Mata Menge](https://openstem.com.au/tag/mata-menge)
- [Liang Bua](https://openstem.com.au/tag/liang-bua)
- [paleoanthropology](https://openstem.com.au/tag/paleoanthropology)
- [stegodon](https://openstem.com.au/tag/stegodon)
- [Mildred Dresselhaus](https://openstem.com.au/tag/mildred-dresselhaus)
- [Millie Dresselhaus](https://openstem.com.au/tag/millie-dresselhaus)
- [Queen of Carbon](https://openstem.com.au/tag/queen-of-carbon)
- [plate tectonics](https://openstem.com.au/tag/plate-tectonics)
- [oceanography](https://openstem.com.au/tag/oceanography)
- [continental drift](https://openstem.com.au/tag/continental-drift)
- [cartography](https://openstem.com.au/tag/cartography)
- [neanderthal](https://openstem.com.au/tag/neanderthal)
- [transport](https://openstem.com.au/tag/transport)
- [Ice Ages](https://openstem.com.au/tag/ice-ages)
- [Trade and Barter](https://openstem.com.au/tag/trade-and-barter)
- [St Patrick's Day](https://openstem.com.au/tag/st-patricks-day)
- [Hill of Slane](https://openstem.com.au/tag/hill-of-slane)
- [Slane Abbey](https://openstem.com.au/tag/slane-abbey)
- [King Laoghaire](https://openstem.com.au/tag/king-laoghaire)
- [Tara](https://openstem.com.au/tag/tara)
- [Slane](https://openstem.com.au/tag/slane)
- [aunt madge](https://openstem.com.au/tag/aunt-madge)
- [eratosthenes](https://openstem.com.au/tag/eratosthenes)
- [federation](https://openstem.com.au/tag/federation)
- [henry parkes](https://openstem.com.au/tag/henry-parkes)
- [easter](https://openstem.com.au/tag/easter)
- [democracy](https://openstem.com.au/tag/democracy)
- [africa](https://openstem.com.au/tag/africa)
- [asia](https://openstem.com.au/tag/asia)
- [south america](https://openstem.com.au/tag/south-america)
- [homes](https://openstem.com.au/tag/homes)
- [women explorers](https://openstem.com.au/tag/women-explorers)
- [age of discovery](https://openstem.com.au/tag/age-of-discovery)
- [sailing ship](https://openstem.com.au/tag/sailing-ship)
- [digicon2017](https://openstem.com.au/tag/digicon2017)
- [digicon17](https://openstem.com.au/tag/digicon17)
- [environment](https://openstem.com.au/tag/environment)
- [favourite place](https://openstem.com.au/tag/favourite-place)
- [NAPLAN](https://openstem.com.au/tag/naplan)
- [basic operations](https://openstem.com.au/tag/basic-operations)
- [extinct animals](https://openstem.com.au/tag/extinct-animals)
- [economies](https://openstem.com.au/tag/economies)
- [politics](https://openstem.com.au/tag/politics)
- [primary sources](https://openstem.com.au/tag/primary-sources)
- [secondary sources](https://openstem.com.au/tag/secondary-sources)
- [han](https://openstem.com.au/tag/han)
- [malay](https://openstem.com.au/tag/malay)
- [dani](https://openstem.com.au/tag/dani)
- [mongol](https://openstem.com.au/tag/mongol)
- [tatar](https://openstem.com.au/tag/tatar)
- [rus](https://openstem.com.au/tag/rus)
- [local history](https://openstem.com.au/tag/local-history)
- [favourite places](https://openstem.com.au/tag/favourite-places)
- [Africa. South America](https://openstem.com.au/tag/africa-south-america)
- [Strzelecki](https://openstem.com.au/tag/strzelecki)
- [Vasco Da Gama](https://openstem.com.au/tag/vasco-da-gama)
- [Vitus Bering](https://openstem.com.au/tag/vitus-bering)
- [Zheng He](https://openstem.com.au/tag/zheng-he)
- [Mongols](https://openstem.com.au/tag/mongols)
- [Aboriginal places](https://openstem.com.au/tag/aboriginal-places)
- [Sailing Ships](https://openstem.com.au/tag/sailing-ships)
- [Neolithic](https://openstem.com.au/tag/neolithic)
- [Palaeolithic](https://openstem.com.au/tag/palaeolithic)
- [ground-stone](https://openstem.com.au/tag/ground-stone)
- [Aboriginal history](https://openstem.com.au/tag/aboriginal-history)
- [cats](https://openstem.com.au/tag/cats)
- [environmental impact](https://openstem.com.au/tag/environmental-impact)
- [Egypt](https://openstem.com.au/tag/egypt)
- [agriculture](https://openstem.com.au/tag/agriculture)
- [colonial Australia](https://openstem.com.au/tag/colonial-australia)
- [australian history](https://openstem.com.au/tag/australian-history)
- [australian colonies](https://openstem.com.au/tag/australian-colonies)
- [first fleet](https://openstem.com.au/tag/first-fleet)
- [Boer War](https://openstem.com.au/tag/boer-war)
- [Australian democracy](https://openstem.com.au/tag/australian-democracy)
- [scientific investigation](https://openstem.com.au/tag/scientific-investigation)
- [madjebebe rock shelter](https://openstem.com.au/tag/madjebebe-rock-shelter)
- [class museum](https://openstem.com.au/tag/class-museum)
- [scientific report](https://openstem.com.au/tag/scientific-report)
- [food](https://openstem.com.au/tag/food)
- [19th century](https://openstem.com.au/tag/19th-century)
- [homo naledi](https://openstem.com.au/tag/homo-naledi)
- [glycan](https://openstem.com.au/tag/glycan)
- [ancient DNA](https://openstem.com.au/tag/ancient-dna)
- [soap](https://openstem.com.au/tag/soap)
- [peasants](https://openstem.com.au/tag/peasants)
- [john pym](https://openstem.com.au/tag/john-pym)
- [william and mary](https://openstem.com.au/tag/william-and-mary)
- [Stone axes](https://openstem.com.au/tag/stone-axes)
- [Yarra River](https://openstem.com.au/tag/yarra-river)
- [climate change](https://openstem.com.au/tag/climate-change)
- [settlers](https://openstem.com.au/tag/settlers)
- [Macassan traders](https://openstem.com.au/tag/macassan-traders)
- [ancestry](https://openstem.com.au/tag/ancestry)
- [families](https://openstem.com.au/tag/families)
- [Irish Australians](https://openstem.com.au/tag/irish-australians)
- [Greek Australians](https://openstem.com.au/tag/greek-australians)
- [Italian Australians](https://openstem.com.au/tag/italian-australians)
- [Chinese Australians](https://openstem.com.au/tag/chinese-australians)
- [Vietnamese Australians](https://openstem.com.au/tag/vietnamese-australians)
- [diversity](https://openstem.com.au/tag/diversity)
- [migration](https://openstem.com.au/tag/migration)
- [natural places](https://openstem.com.au/tag/natural-places)
- [special places](https://openstem.com.au/tag/special-places)
- [plants](https://openstem.com.au/tag/plants)
- [animals](https://openstem.com.au/tag/animals)
- [lifestyles](https://openstem.com.au/tag/lifestyles)
- [class election](https://openstem.com.au/tag/class-election)
- [preferential voting](https://openstem.com.au/tag/preferential-voting)
- [environmental issues](https://openstem.com.au/tag/environmental-issues)
- [political issues](https://openstem.com.au/tag/political-issues)
- [teachers](https://openstem.com.au/tag/teachers)
- [teachers day](https://openstem.com.au/tag/teachers-day)
- [states and territories of australia](https://openstem.com.au/tag/states-and-territories-of-australia)
- [state animal](https://openstem.com.au/tag/state-animal)
- [state bird](https://openstem.com.au/tag/state-bird)
- [state flower](https://openstem.com.au/tag/state-flower)
- [museums](https://openstem.com.au/tag/museums)
- [class play](https://openstem.com.au/tag/class-play)
- [secret ballot](https://openstem.com.au/tag/secret-ballot)
- [first preference votes](https://openstem.com.au/tag/first-preference-votes)
- [communities](https://openstem.com.au/tag/communities)
- [class party](https://openstem.com.au/tag/class-party)
- [migrants](https://openstem.com.au/tag/migrants)
- [Europe](https://openstem.com.au/tag/europe)
- [Christmas](https://openstem.com.au/tag/christmas)
- [dice](https://openstem.com.au/tag/dice)
- [2018](https://openstem.com.au/tag/2018)
- [Australia Day](https://openstem.com.au/tag/australia-day)
- [First World War](https://openstem.com.au/tag/first-world-war)
- [Constitution](https://openstem.com.au/tag/constitution)
- [eureka stockade](https://openstem.com.au/tag/eureka-stockade)
- [national identity](https://openstem.com.au/tag/national-identity)
- [national sport](https://openstem.com.au/tag/national-sport)
- [natural disasters](https://openstem.com.au/tag/natural-disasters)
- [fire](https://openstem.com.au/tag/fire)
- [flood](https://openstem.com.au/tag/flood)
- [Amelia Aerhart](https://openstem.com.au/tag/amelia-aerhart)
- [Stephen Hawking](https://openstem.com.au/tag/stephen-hawking)
- [hypothesis](https://openstem.com.au/tag/hypothesis)
- [commonwealth games](https://openstem.com.au/tag/commonwealth-games)
- [empire games](https://openstem.com.au/tag/empire-games)
- [new zealand](https://openstem.com.au/tag/new-zealand)
- [para-athletes](https://openstem.com.au/tag/para-athletes)
- [vocabulary](https://openstem.com.au/tag/vocabulary)
- [Perelman](https://openstem.com.au/tag/perelman)
- [electricity](https://openstem.com.au/tag/electricity)
- [core skills](https://openstem.com.au/tag/core-skills)
- [Gonski](https://openstem.com.au/tag/gonski)
- [assessment](https://openstem.com.au/tag/assessment)
- [Gonski 2.0](https://openstem.com.au/tag/gonski-2-0)
- [continuous assessment](https://openstem.com.au/tag/continuous-assessment)
- [women's rights](https://openstem.com.au/tag/womens-rights)
- [investigative journalism](https://openstem.com.au/tag/investigative-journalism)
- [Jules Verne](https://openstem.com.au/tag/jules-verne)
- [history of transport](https://openstem.com.au/tag/history-of-transport)
- [Captain Cook](https://openstem.com.au/tag/captain-cook)
- [Great Barrier Reef](https://openstem.com.au/tag/great-barrier-reef)
- [Queensland Day](https://openstem.com.au/tag/queensland-day)
- [Myall Creek](https://openstem.com.au/tag/myall-creek)
- [massacre](https://openstem.com.au/tag/massacre)
- [feedback](https://openstem.com.au/tag/feedback)
- [Gonski 2](https://openstem.com.au/tag/gonski-2)
- [formative assessment](https://openstem.com.au/tag/formative-assessment)
- [summative assessment](https://openstem.com.au/tag/summative-assessment)
- [Sholes](https://openstem.com.au/tag/sholes)
- [typewriter](https://openstem.com.au/tag/typewriter)
- [QWERTY](https://openstem.com.au/tag/qwerty)
- [sustainability](https://openstem.com.au/tag/sustainability)
- [flooding](https://openstem.com.au/tag/flooding)
- [sea level rise](https://openstem.com.au/tag/sea-level-rise)
- [coastal cities](https://openstem.com.au/tag/coastal-cities)
- [global warming](https://openstem.com.au/tag/global-warming)
- [greenhouse gas](https://openstem.com.au/tag/greenhouse-gas)
- [human impact](https://openstem.com.au/tag/human-impact)
- [Spring](https://openstem.com.au/tag/spring)
- [James Cook](https://openstem.com.au/tag/james-cook)
- [wattle day](https://openstem.com.au/tag/wattle-day)
- [Horrocks](https://openstem.com.au/tag/horrocks)
- [Melbourne](https://openstem.com.au/tag/melbourne)
- [Batman](https://openstem.com.au/tag/batman)
- [Alice Springs](https://openstem.com.au/tag/alice-springs)
- [Andrew Fisher](https://openstem.com.au/tag/andrew-fisher)
- [refugees](https://openstem.com.au/tag/refugees)
- [afghan cameleers](https://openstem.com.au/tag/afghan-cameleers)
- [Denisovan](https://openstem.com.au/tag/denisovan)
- [genetics](https://openstem.com.au/tag/genetics)
- [multicultural](https://openstem.com.au/tag/multicultural)
- [annual](https://openstem.com.au/tag/annual)
- [election](https://openstem.com.au/tag/election)
- [parliament](https://openstem.com.au/tag/parliament)
- [voting](https://openstem.com.au/tag/voting)
- [AEC](https://openstem.com.au/tag/aec)
- [preferences](https://openstem.com.au/tag/preferences)
- [senate](https://openstem.com.au/tag/senate)
- [government](https://openstem.com.au/tag/government)
- [civics](https://openstem.com.au/tag/civics)
- [citizenship](https://openstem.com.au/tag/citizenship)
- [online teaching](https://openstem.com.au/tag/online-teaching)
- [online learning](https://openstem.com.au/tag/online-learning)
- [virtual classroom](https://openstem.com.au/tag/virtual-classroom)
- [australian curriculum](https://openstem.com.au/tag/australian-curriculum)
- [Year 1](https://openstem.com.au/tag/year-1)
- [Year 2](https://openstem.com.au/tag/year-2)
- [Year 3](https://openstem.com.au/tag/year-3)
- [Year 4](https://openstem.com.au/tag/year-4)
- [Year 5](https://openstem.com.au/tag/year-5)
- [Year 6](https://openstem.com.au/tag/year-6)
- [Humanities](https://openstem.com.au/tag/humanities)
- [business](https://openstem.com.au/tag/business)
- [economics](https://openstem.com.au/tag/economics)

## Product categories

- [Robotics](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-category/robotics) - Robotics Resources & Kits
- [3D Printers and Filament](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-category/3d-printers) - 3D printers are engineering workshop tools, requiring specific skills to operate and maintain. Contrary to popular marketing, they are not like inkjet/laserjet printers.
- [Science](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-category/science) - Science Resources & Kits Also see the Understanding Our World® (HASS+Science) Teacher unit and year bundles.
- [Electronics](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-category/electronics)
- [Mathematics](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-category/mathematics) - Mathematics
- [History & Geography](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-category/history-geography) - History & Geography Also see the Understanding Our World® (HASS+Science) Teacher unit and year bundles.
- [Subscriptions](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-category/subscriptions) - Subscriptions
- [OpenSTEM® Workshops](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-category/workshops) - OpenSTEM® Workshops (facilitated single or multi-lesson programs)
- [OpenSTEM® Teacher Bundles](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-category/unit-teacher-sets) - The OpenSTEM® Teacher Bundles are the easiest way to get going as they contain everything you need for a particular unit! Items in this category are available for everybody, but subscribers get a discount. Check through the list to select any optional items you require. Please refer to the Product Description (below the bundle items) to view the content description of the Unit, and Multi-Year Level Integration details. You can also preview pages of each of the teacher, student and resource PDFs in the bundle (click on the product photo then use the arrow keys)
- [Humanities & Social Sciences (HASS)](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-category/humanities-social-sciences) - Humanities & Social Sciences (HASS) Australian Curriculum v8, covering: – History – Geography – Civics & Citizenship (year 3 & up) – Economics & Business (year 5 & up) Also see the Understanding Our World® (HASS+Science) Teacher unit and year bundles.
- [Economics & Business](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-category/economics-business) - Economics & Business Also see the Understanding Our World® (HASS+Science) Teacher unit and year bundles.
- [Civics & Citizenship](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-category/civics-citizenship) - Civics & Citizenship Also see the Understanding Our World® (HASS+Science) Teacher unit and year bundles.
- [PDF Resources](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-category/pdf-resources) - OpenSTEM® Resource PDFs provide the basic materials for our curriculum implementations. Our teacher and student materials (in the Teacher Bundles category) refer to these. You can also use them to create your own lesson plan. We also include Activities here. Items in this Category are available for FREE for subscribers. It is a special grouped category containing all PDF resources from all other categories.
- [PDF Resources (History & Geography)](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-category/history-geography/history-geography-resources) - Resource PDFs provide the basic materials for our curriculum implementation. Our teacher and student materials refer to these. You can also use them to create your own lesson plan. We also include Activities here, such as Aunt Madge’s Suitcase, and the Trade & Barter Activity. Items in this category are available for FREE for subscribers.
- [PDF Resources (Economics & Business)](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-category/economics-business/economics-business-resources) - Resource PDFs provide the basic materials for our curriculum implementation. Our teacher and student materials refer to these. You can also use them to create your own lesson plan. We also include Activities here. Items in this category are available for FREE for subscribers.
- [PDF Resources (HASS)](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-category/humanities-social-sciences/humanities-social-sciences-resources) - Resource PDFs provide the basic materials for our curriculum implementation. Our teacher and student materials refer to these. You can also use them to create your own lesson plan. We also include Activities here. Items in this category are available for FREE for subscribers.
- [PDF Resources (Science)](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-category/science/science-resources) - Resource PDFs provide the basic materials for our curriculum implementation. Our teacher and student materials refer to these. You can also use them to create your own lesson plan. We also include Activities here. Items in this category are available for FREE for subscribers.
- [PDF Resources (Maths)](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-category/mathematics/mathematics-resources) - Resource PDFs provide the basic materials for our curriculum implementation, including Diced Maths™ resources and activities. Our teacher and student materials refer to these. You can also use them to create your own lesson plan. We also include Activities here. Items in this category are available for FREE for subscribers.
- [PDF Resources (Civics & Citizenship)](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-category/civics-citizenship/civics-citizenship-resources) - Resource PDFs provide the basic materials for our curriculum implementation. Our teacher and student materials refer to these. You can also use them to create your own lesson plan. We also include Activities here. Items in this category are available for FREE for subscribers.
- [OpenSTEM® Activities](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-category/activities) - This is a special grouped category containing all OpenSTEM® Activity style resources from any other categories, such as the OpenSTEM® Trade & Barter Activity, and Aunt Madge’s Suitcase. While they fit particularly well within our full programs, they can also be used independently. Depending on their content and complexity, most are FREE for subscribers.
- [Archaeology Textbook](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-category/history-geography/archaeology-textbook) - Archaeology textbook resources for Senior Secondary (Ancient History) Students
- [Digital Technologies](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-category/digital-technologies) - Digital Technologies
- [PDF Resources (Digital Tech)](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-category/digital-technologies/digital-technologies-resources) - Resource PDFs provide the basic materials for our curriculum implementation. Our teacher and student materials refer to these. You can also use them to create your own lesson plan. We also include Activities here. Items in this category are available for FREE for subscribers.
- [English](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-category/english)
- [PDF Resources (English)](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-category/english/english-resources) - English – PDF Resources
- [Software](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-category/software) - All software we offer and recommend is Free and Open Source.
- [Explorers](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-category/history-geography/explorers) - Resources about Explorers
- [Teacher Bundles (Digital Tech)](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-category/digital-technologies/digitech-teacher) - Digital Technologies – Teacher Bundles As a subscriber, all the resource PDFs are free, so you pay only $11 for the basic bundle! Check through the list to select any optional items you require. Please refer to the Product Description (below the bundle items) to view the content description of the Unit, and Multi-Year Level Integration details. You can also preview pages of each of the teacher, student and resource PDFs in the bundle (click on the product photo then use the arrow keys)
- [Physical Resources (Digital Tech)](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-category/digital-technologies/digitech-physical-resources) - Digital Technologies – Physical Resources
- [Workshops (Digital Tech)](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-category/digital-technologies/digitech-workshops) - Digital Technologies – Workshops
- [Online Resources (Digital Tech)](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-category/digital-technologies/digitech-online-resources) - Digital Technologies – Online Resources
- [Software (Digital Tech)](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-category/digital-technologies/digitech-software) - Digital Technologies – Software
- [Online Resources (English)](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-category/english/english-online-resources) - English – Online Resources
- [Software (English)](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-category/english/english-software) - English – Software
- [Year 1](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-category/unit-teacher-sets/units-year1) - Teacher Bundles – Year 1 The bundles are the easiest way to get going as they contain everything you need for a particular unit! Items in this category are available for everybody, but subscribers get a discount. Check through the list to select any optional items you require. Please refer to the Product Description (below the bundle items) to view the content description of the Unit, and Multi-Year Level Integration details. You can also preview pages of each of the teacher, student and resource PDFs in the bundle (click on the product photo then use the arrow keys)
- [Foundation/Prep/Kindy/Reception Year](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-category/unit-teacher-sets/units-foundation) - Teacher Bundles – Foundation/Prep/Kindy/Reception The bundles are the easiest way to get going as they contain everything you need for a particular unit! Items in this category are available for everybody, but subscribers get a discount. Check through the list to select any optional items you require. Please refer to the Product Description (below the bundle items) to view the content description of the Unit, and Multi-Year Level Integration details. You can also preview pages of each of the teacher, student and resource PDFs in the bundle (click on the product photo then use the arrow keys)
- [Year 2](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-category/unit-teacher-sets/units-year2) - Teacher Bundles – Year 2 The bundles are the easiest way to get going as they contain everything you need for a particular unit! Items in this category are available for everybody, but subscribers get a discount. Check through the list to select any optional items you require. Please refer to the Product Description (below the bundle items) to view the content description of the Unit, and Multi-Year Level Integration details. You can also preview pages of each of the teacher, student and resource PDFs in the bundle (click on the product photo then use the arrow keys)
- [Year 3](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-category/unit-teacher-sets/units-year3) - Teacher Bundles – Year 3 The bundles are the easiest way to get going as they contain everything you need for a particular unit! Items in this category are available for everybody, but subscribers get a discount. Check through the list to select any optional items you require. Please refer to the Product Description (below the bundle items) to view the content description of the Unit, and Multi-Year Level Integration details. You can also preview pages of each of the teacher, student and resource PDFs in the bundle (click on the product photo then use the arrow keys)
- [Year 4](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-category/unit-teacher-sets/units-year4) - Teacher Bundles – Year 4 The bundles are the easiest way to get going as they contain everything you need for a particular unit! Items in this category are available for everybody, but subscribers get a discount. Check through the list to select any optional items you require. Please refer to the Product Description (below the bundle items) to view the content description of the Unit, and Multi-Year Level Integration details. You can also preview pages of each of the teacher, student and resource PDFs in the bundle (click on the product photo then use the arrow keys)
- [Year 5](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-category/unit-teacher-sets/units-year5) - Teacher Bundles – Year 5 The bundles are the easiest way to get going as they contain everything you need for a particular unit! Items in this category are available for everybody, but subscribers get a discount. Check through the list to select any optional items you require. Please refer to the Product Description (below the bundle items) to view the content description of the Unit, and Multi-Year Level Integration details. You can also preview pages of each of the teacher, student and resource PDFs in the bundle (click on the product photo then use the arrow keys)
- [Year 6](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-category/unit-teacher-sets/units-year6) - Teacher Bundles – Year 6 The bundles are the easiest way to get going as they contain everything you need for a particular unit! Items in this category are available for everybody, but subscribers get a discount. Check through the list to select any optional items you require. Please refer to the Product Description (below the bundle items) to view the content description of the Unit, and Multi-Year Level Integration details. You can also preview pages of each of the teacher, student and resource PDFs in the bundle (click on the product photo then use the arrow keys)
- [Online Resources (Maths)](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-category/mathematics/maths-online-resources) - Mathematics – Online Resources
- [Software (Maths)](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-category/mathematics/maths-software) - Mathematics – Software
- [Workshops (Maths)](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-category/mathematics/maths-workshops) - Mathematics – Workshops
- [Workshops (Science)](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-category/science/science-workshops) - Science – Workshops
- [Online Resources (Science)](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-category/science/science-online-resources) - Science – Online Resources
- [Physical Resources (Maths)](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-category/mathematics/maths-physical-resources) - Mathematics – Physical Resources
- [Physical Resources (Science)](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-category/science/science-physical-resources) - Science – Physical Resources
- [OpenSTEM® Physical Resources](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-category/physical-resources) - OpenSTEM® Physical Resources, Kits, etc
- [Online Resources](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-category/online-resources) - Online Resources
- [Understanding Our World - Teacher Bundles](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-category/hass-teacher) - Understanding Our World® (HASS+Science): Teacher Bundles Items in this category are available for everybody, but subscribers get a discount. Please refer to the Product Description (below the bundle items) to view the content description of the Unit, and Multi-Year Level Integration details. You can also preview pages of each of the teacher, student and resource PDFs in the bundle (click on the product photo then use the arrow keys) Check through the list to select any optional items you require.
- [Workshops (History & Geography)](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-category/history-geography/histgeo-workshops) - History & Geography: Workshops
- [Physical Resources (History & Geography)](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-category/history-geography/histgeo-physical-resources) - History & Geography: Physical Resources
- [Physical Resources (HASS)](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-category/humanities-social-sciences/hass-physical-resources) - Humanities & Social Sciences (HASS): Physical Resources
- [Workshops (HASS)](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-category/humanities-social-sciences/hass-workshops) - Humanities & Social Sciences (HASS): Workshops
- [Federation](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-category/history-geography/federation) - Resources about Australian Federation
- [Elections](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-category/civics-citizenship/elections) - Resources related to how elections work, preferential voting and campaigning issues.
- [Indigenous Peoples](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-category/history-geography/indigenous-peoples)
- [Migrants](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-category/history-geography/migrants)
- [Teacher Bundles (Science)](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-category/science/teacher-bundles-science)
- [Year Bundles](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-category/unit-teacher-sets/year-bundles) - This category contains bundles spanning an entire year-level (4 units) and all corresponding curriculum requirements. Bundles contain everything you need for a particular unit! Items in this category are available for everybody, but subscribers get a discount. Check through the list to select any optional items you require. Please refer to the Product Description (below the bundle items) to view the content description of the Unit, and Multi-Year Level Integration details. You can also preview pages of each of the teacher, student and resource PDFs in the bundle (click on the product photo then use the arrow keys)
- [Multi-Year Bundles](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-category/unit-teacher-sets/multi-year-bundles) - This category contains unit bundles covering material for composite classes spanning 3 or more year levels – particularly suited for small schools. Bundles contain everything you need for a particular unit! Items in this category are available for everybody, but subscribers get a discount. Check through the list to select any optional items you require. Please refer to the Product Description (below the bundle items) to view the content description of the Unit, and Multi-Year Level Integration details. You can also preview pages of each of the teacher, student and resource PDFs in the bundle (click on the product photo then use the arrow keys)

## Product tags

- [robot](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/robot)
- [kits](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/kits)
- [Arduino](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/arduino)
- [Mirobot](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/mirobot)
- [ginger](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/ginger)
- [gingerbeer](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/gingerbeer)
- [science](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/science)
- [business](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/business)
- [maths](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/maths)
- [soldering](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/soldering)
- [electronics](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/electronics)
- [mathematics](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/mathematics)
- [patterns](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/patterns)
- [map](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/map)
- [geography](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/geography)
- [history](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/history)
- [world](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/world)
- [Ice Age](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/ice-age)
- [countries](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/countries)
- [subscription](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/subscription)
- [private](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/private)
- [family](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/family)
- [membership](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/membership)
- [teacher](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/teacher)
- [department](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/department)
- [school](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/school)
- [robotics](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/robotics)
- [workshop](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/workshop)
- [engineering](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/engineering)
- [programming](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/programming)
- [archaeology](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/archaeology)
- [fossils](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/fossils)
- [workshops](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/workshops)
- [palaeontology](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/palaeontology)
- [dig](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/dig)
- [excavation](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/excavation)
- [paleontology](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/paleontology)
- [prep](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/prep)
- [economics](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/economics)
- [civics](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/civics)
- [citizenship](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/citizenship)
- [HASS](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/hass)
- [activity](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/activity)
- [ancient history](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/ancient-history)
- [absolute dating methods](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/absolute-dating-methods)
- [relative dating methods](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/relative-dating-methods)
- [history of archaeology](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/history-of-archaeology)
- [ethics in archaeology](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/ethics-in-archaeology)
- [Lake Mungo archaeology](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/lake-mungo-archaeology)
- [Minoan Archaeology](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/minoan-archaeology)
- [Homo erectus](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/homo-erectus)
- [Neanderthals](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/neanderthals)
- [leap years](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/leap-years)
- [digital technologies](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/digital-technologies)
- [coding](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/coding)
- [game](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/game)
- [agriculture](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/agriculture)
- [digital](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/digital)
- [technologies](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/technologies)
- [sort](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/sort)
- [algorithm](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/algorithm)
- [computational thinking](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/computational-thinking)
- [ASCII](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/ascii)
- [encoding](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/encoding)
- [UTF-8](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/utf-8)
- [pseudocode](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/pseudocode)
- [flowchart](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/flowchart)
- [software](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/software)
- [keyboard](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/keyboard)
- [english](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/english)
- [typing](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/typing)
- [spelling](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/spelling)
- [art](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/art)
- [drawing](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/drawing)
- [mouse](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/mouse)
- [dexterity](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/dexterity)
- [motorskills](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/motorskills)
- [spreadsheet](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/spreadsheet)
- [word processor](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/word-processor)
- [word processing](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/word-processing)
- [writing](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/writing)
- [presentations](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/presentations)
- [powerpoint](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/powerpoint)
- [excel](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/excel)
- [word](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/word)
- [inkscape](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/inkscape)
- [graphics](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/graphics)
- [image](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/image)
- [photo](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/photo)
- [wikipedia](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/wikipedia)
- [Africa](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/africa)
- [South America](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/south-america)
- [North America](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/north-america)
- [Asia](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/asia)
- [Bantu](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/bantu)
- [Egypt](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/egypt)
- [Punt](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/punt)
- [Great Zimbabwe](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/great-zimbabwe)
- [places](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/places)
- [homes](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/homes)
- [living](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/living)
- [habitat](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/habitat)
- [houses](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/houses)
- [shelter](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/shelter)
- [basic needs](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/basic-needs)
- [Australia](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/australia)
- [Hatshepsut](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/hatshepsut)
- [Explorers](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/explorers)
- [Vikings](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/vikings)
- [Columbus](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/columbus)
- [americas](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/americas)
- [humans](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/humans)
- [people](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/people)
- [planets](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/planets)
- [solar system](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/solar-system)
- [astronomy](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/astronomy)
- [moons](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/moons)
- [orbits](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/orbits)
- [months](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/months)
- [weeks](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/weeks)
- [celebrations](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/celebrations)
- [festivities](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/festivities)
- [bebras](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/bebras)
- [logic](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/logic)
- [puzzles](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/puzzles)
- [challenges](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/challenges)
- [foundation](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/foundation)
- [reception](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/reception)
- [kindy](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/kindy)
- [grouping](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/grouping)
- [categories](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/categories)
- [sets](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/sets)
- [tuxpaint](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/tuxpaint)
- [procedures](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/procedures)
- [algorithms](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/algorithms)
- [James Cook](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/james-cook)
- [Abel Tasman](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/abel-tasman)
- [Willem Janszoon](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/willem-janszoon)
- [Duyfken](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/duyfken)
- [John Cabot](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/john-cabot)
- [England](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/england)
- [Age of Discovery](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/age-of-discovery)
- [Europe](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/europe)
- [Portugal](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/portugal)
- [Spain](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/spain)
- [Dutch East Indies Company](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/dutch-east-indies-company)
- [VOC](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/voc)
- [Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/vereenigde-oostindische-compagnie)
- [lesson plans](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/lesson-plans)
- [year 2](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/year-2)
- [year 1](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/year-1)
- [year 4](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/year-4)
- [year 6](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/year-6)
- [year 5](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/year-5)
- [year 3](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/year-3)
- [ships](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/ships)
- [sailing](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/sailing)
- [Alexander the Great](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/alexander-the-great)
- [Ahmad Ibn Fadlan](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/ahmad-ibn-fadlan)
- [Amerigo Vespucci](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/amerigo-vespucci)
- [Bartolomeu Dias](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/bartolomeu-dias)
- [Christopher Columbus](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/christopher-columbus)
- [Nellie Bly](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/nellie-bly)
- [Elizabeth Cochrane Seaman](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/elizabeth-cochrane-seaman)
- [Women Explorers](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/women-explorers)
- [India](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/india)
- [China](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/china)
- [Arabia](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/arabia)
- [Mongolia](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/mongolia)
- [Japan](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/japan)
- [Russia](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/russia)
- [ACTDIK015](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/actdik015)
- [Giovanni Caboto](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/giovanni-caboto)
- [files](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/files)
- [folders](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/folders)
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- [root folder](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/root-folder)
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- [file management](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/file-management)
- [filenames](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/filenames)
- [Barentsz](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/barentsz)
- [Barentszoon](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/barentszoon)
- [Novaya Zemlya](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/novaya-zemlya)
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- [classroom](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/classroom)
- [kit](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/kit)
- [sounds](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/sounds)
- [climate](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/climate)
- [environment](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/environment)
- [democracy](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/democracy)
- [convicts](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/convicts)
- [First Fleet](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/first-fleet)
- [Second Fleet](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/second-fleet)
- [Third Fleet](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/third-fleet)
- [New South Wales](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/new-south-wales)
- [federation](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/federation)
- [sport](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/sport)
- [national identity](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/national-identity)
- [cricket](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/cricket)
- [football](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/football)
- [rugby](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/rugby)
- [Olympics](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/olympics)
- [Commonwealth Games](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/commonwealth-games)
- [colonies](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/colonies)
- [women's suffrage](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/womens-suffrage)
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- [Brisbane](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/brisbane)
- [games](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/games)
- [suffrage](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/suffrage)
- [women](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/women)
- [Australian women](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/australian-women)
- [Catherine Spence](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/catherine-spence)
- [Edith Cowan](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/edith-cowan)
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- [Henrietta Dugdale](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/henrietta-dugdale)
- [food](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/food)
- [recipes](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/recipes)
- [museum](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/museum)
- [Australian History](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/australian-history)
- [scientific investigation](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/scientific-investigation)
- [hypothesis](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/hypothesis)
- [research](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/research)
- [yeast](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/yeast)
- [biology](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/biology)
- [fungus](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/fungus)
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- [archaeology textbook introduction](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/archaeology-textbook-introduction)
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- [types of archaeological finds](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/types-of-archaeological-finds)
- [Palaeolithic](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/palaeolithic)
- [mesolithic](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/mesolithic)
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- [archaeological analysis](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/archaeological-analysis)
- [CD](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/cd)
- [resources](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/resources)
- [licence](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/licence)
- [licensing](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/licensing)
- [homeschool](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/homeschool)
- [technology](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/technology)
- [land management](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/land-management)
- [firestick farming](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/firestick-farming)
- [Wa People](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/wa-people)
- [Yi People](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/yi-people)
- [Dani People](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/dani-people)
- [Quandamooka People](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/quandamooka-people)
- [Mithaka People](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/mithaka-people)
- [year 7](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/year-7)
- [year 6. year 7](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/year-6-year-7)
- [year 11](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/year-11)
- [Homo floresiensis](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/homo-floresiensis)
- [highschool](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/highschool)
- [year level](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/year-level)
- [stratigraphy](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/stratigraphy)
- [climate zones](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/climate-zones)
- [lake Mungo](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/lake-mungo)
- [horses](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/horses)
- [Canada](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/canada)
- [Quebec](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/quebec)
- [dice](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/dice)
- [polyhedral](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/polyhedral)
- [gaming](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/gaming)
- [RPG](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/rpg)
- [local history](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/local-history)
- [Perth](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/perth)
- [poetry](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/poetry)
- [bushrangers](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/bushrangers)
- [Ned Kelly](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/ned-kelly)
- [migrants](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/migrants)
- [sugar](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/sugar)
- [industrialisation](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/industrialisation)
- [Queensland](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/queensland)
- [Diced Maths](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/diced-maths)
- [ACMNA004](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/acmna004)
- [ACMNA015](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/acmna015)
- [ACMNA013](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/acmna013)
- [ACMNA029](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/acmna029)
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- [ACMNA074](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/acmna074)
- [ACMNA031](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/acmna031)
- [ACMNA075](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/acmna075)
- [ACMNA057](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/acmna057)
- [ACMNA056](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/acmna056)
- [ACMNA076](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/acmna076)
- [ACMNA060](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/acmna060)
- [ACMNA081](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/acmna081)
- [ACMNA083](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/acmna083)
- [ACMMG143](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/acmmg143)
- [Letters and Numbers](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/letters-and-numbers)
- [Countdown](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/countdown)
- [ACMNA071](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/acmna071)
- [ACMNA073](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/acmna073)
- [ACMNA082](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/acmna082)
- [ACMNA098](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/acmna098)
- [ACMNA099](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/acmna099)
- [ACMNA100](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/acmna100)
- [ACMNA101](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/acmna101)
- [ACMNA291](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/acmna291)
- [ACMNA121](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/acmna121)
- [ACMNA123](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/acmna123)
- [ACMNA134](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/acmna134)
- [High Court of Australia](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/high-court-of-australia)
- [Australian Constitution](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/australian-constitution)
- [Aboriginal Australia](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/aboriginal-australia)
- [ACMNA124](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/acmna124)
- [CAD](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/cad)
- [3D modelling](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/3d-modelling)
- [experiments](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/experiments)
- [electricity](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/electricity)
- [ACSSU097](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/acssu097)
- [ACSHE098](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/acshe098)
- [ACSHE100](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/acshe100)
- [ACSIS232](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/acsis232)
- [ACSIS103](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/acsis103)
- [ACSIS104](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/acsis104)
- [ACSIS107](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/acsis107)
- [ACSIS221](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/acsis221)
- [ACSIS108](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/acsis108)
- [ACSIS110](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/acsis110)
- [ACHASSK137](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/achassk137)
- [ACHASSK149](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/achassk149)
- [ACHASSI122](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/achassi122)
- [ACHASSI123](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/achassi123)
- [ACHASSI125](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/achassi125)
- [ACHASSI127](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/achassi127)
- [ACHASSI128](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/achassi128)
- [ACHASSI129](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/achassi129)
- [ACHASSI131](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/achassi131)
- [ACHASSI132](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/achassi132)
- [ACHASSK134](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/achassk134)
- [ACHASSK139](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/achassk139)
- [ACHASSK143](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/achassk143)
- [ACHASSK146](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/achassk146)
- [ACHASSK145](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/achassk145)
- [high court](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/high-court)
- [ACMNA122](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/acmna122)
- [ACMMG114](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/acmmg114)
- [ACMMG142](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/acmmg142)
- [gold rush](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/gold-rush)
- [Victoria](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/victoria)
- [Western Australia](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/western-australia)
- [NSW](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/nsw)
- [South Australia](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/south-australia)
- [Chinese](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/chinese)
- [Americans](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/americans)
- [immigrants](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/immigrants)
- [Canberra](https://openstem.com.au/store/product-tag/canberra)