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Helping Migrants to Australia

The end of the school year is fast approaching with the third term either over or about to end and the start of the fourth term looming ahead. There never seems to be enough time in the last term with making sure students have met all their learning outcomes for the year and with final reports to be prepared. The OpenSTEM® Understanding Our World® program takes the stress out of the fourth term as far as possible, ensuring that all curriculum items are covered well before the end of term and students are kept occupied with consolidation tasks so that teachers can prepare reports.

In units for Years 5 (Shaping Society, Working Together) and 6 (We Are One, But We Are Many), students have an assignment on a topic from Australian history and several of the suggested topics cover migrants to Australia, especially those from Asian countries. There is also a discussion about why people might become refugees, through factors such as war and natural disasters, or choose to migrate for a range of other reasons. Students in most year levels are examining cultural diversity and the make-up of Australian society.

In the news this week there is a story that has some relevance to these topics. Migrants and refugees from Asia make up a small but significant part of the numbers of people who come to Australia and find a home here, just as they have done since early colonial times. Many migrant and refugee women have experienced trauma and/or have come from countries where women’s place in society is very different than in our own. Some of these, just as in the rest of society, are single mothers or women at risk. However, they often face extra hurdles resulting from their history in their country of origin. For example, many women from Asian and African countries can not drive, either because they have not had the opportunity to learn, or it may even have been culturally inappropriate. The lack of a driver’s licence severely impacts their ability to get a job and transport themselves and their children to activities, including school and sports.

Access Community Services in Logan, south of Brisbane, has a Women at the Wheel program to help women prepare for a driving test. Currently there are women from Afghanistan, Burma and Somalia in the program and there is a very long waiting list for places. The program tries to match women with instructors who speak their native language to help them to understand the nuances of Australian road rules clearly. The women are delighted with the program, reporting that they find it very empowering and citing that having a driver’s licence will help them to find employment and transport themselves and their children as needed, making them independent and contributing members of the community.

In a way, these women finding a role for themselves in the community through learning to drive cars is almost reminiscent of the Afghan cameleers of the 19th century (shown above), who came to Australia to lead camel caravans, assisting explorers and taking the goods produced by farmers in isolated areas to market. Some of these people, from many places across the Asian subcontinent, chose to stay in Australia and adapted with the changing society, finding new roles for themselves and contributing to society in a range of ways, not least culturally and by enhancing the range of food and restaurant options available. The strength of Australia lies in the way that we pull together when times are tough and people need help. Aussies have always had a reputation for helping those in need and it is great to see this spirit continue today as people work together to build a better society.

NAPLAN and vocabulary

It is the time of year when the thoughts of teachers of students in years 3, 5, 7 and 9 turn (not so) lightly to NAPLAN. I’m sure many of you are aware of the controversial review of NAPLAN by Les Perelman, a retired professor from MIT in the United States. Perelman conducted a similar review in 2005 in the US, which was influential in leading to a change in the American Scholastic Aptitude Tests (SATs). At the time, Perelman published a guide on how to “ace the essay writing test” and he has produced a similar PDF text for Australia’s NAPLAN writing test. Perelman criticises the fact that NAPLAN essays are marked according to which words in a vocabulary list are included in the essay, with those words on the list rated as “Challenging” being awarded the highest marks. Perelman states that students who use these particular words, regardless of whether or not they demonstrate that they understand the meaning of the words, will score higher, and that students can thus be trained to use these words in their essays. However, Perelman also warns that if students are unsure of the spelling, then they should not use a word because of the emphasis placed on correct spelling in the marking of NAPLAN essays.

Perelman had been asked to review the planned robot-marking of NAPLAN essays in October 2017, and his criticism was so harsh that the plan was scrapped. ACARA seems to be taking Perelman’s concerns seriously. ACARA have stated that they believe that teachers focus on building and expanding the vocabulary of students and students should be able to use this vocabulary in “meaningful, constructive ways”. It seems certain that ACARA will re-evaluate the marking of NAPLAN essays in the face of these criticisms.

So how can teachers best help students to improve their vocabulary? Well, one way may be to study Perelman’s list, but surely there are better ways, more closely aligned to our goals of enhancing students’ understanding of words as well. It is well known (and scientifically proven) that reading improves children’s vocabulary, especially if they are reading texts which use decent vocabulary. The OpenSTEM® Understanding Our World® program, which covers the HASS + Science curriculum for the years: Foundation/Prep/Kindy to Year 6 prides itself on the vocabulary used in its resources, which cover a huge range of curriculum-aligned subjects. We maintain a reasonably high standard of vocabulary aimed at stretching students to improve their knowledge of more complex words. We encourage the concomitant use of a dictionary to ensure that students learn the meanings of these words.

Teachers have already reported to us that they find these resources a useful addition to students’ preparations for NAPLAN. This is a wonderfully efficient use of time – while engaged in HASS or Science learning, students are actually also preparing for NAPLAN’s literacy tests, practising vital curriculum-aligned core skills that will improve their performance in NAPLAN, as well as increasing their overall educational outcomes. It really is the best of all worlds! These resources (over 200 on topics as vast as geography, indigenous peoples, explorers, Australian history, electricity, the seasons, celebrations, sport etc, etc, and including many activities) are available for free download to subscribers, or can be purchased individually, or as part of the Understanding Our World® units.

So let’s help our students to become the best they can possibly be, whilst efficiently covering the curriculum, and most importantly helping them to prepare to face the world armed with the knowledge and skills they will need in their future lives!

This Week in HASS – term 4, week 9

Well, we’re almost at the end of the year!! It’s a time when students and teachers alike start to look forward to the long, summer break. Generally a time for celebrations and looking back over the highlights of the year – which is reflected in the activities for the final lessons of the Understanding Our World® HASS Units. All of the Understanding Our World® HASS Units run over 9 weeks, to make sure that everyone has a chance to breathe and catch up on the inevitable weeks when other activities cut short lesson times. So this week is the last week of our HASS units for the year!

Foundation / Kindy / Prep to Year 3

Our youngest students in Foundation/Prep/Kindy (Unit F.4) and those in classes integrated with Year 1 (Unit F-1.4) are performing their class play: “People in the Past” this week. This performance brings together their work over the whole term, from the stories read in the first lesson, to the props and costumes prepared and the lines and individual performances practised. Furthermore, aspects of the year-long approach to learning about how the past (and others’ experiences) differ from today are brought together. It is also a great opportunity for parents and other carers to attend and see what their children have been working on. Since assessment is already completed, teachers can encourage students to just enjoy the performance, without feeling stressed about how it goes on the day – also a great vehicle for dealing with issues around resilience and supporting each other.

Slightly older students in Years 1 (Unit 1.4), 2 (Unit 2.4) and 3 (Unit 3.4) are also presenting their dramatisation or other presentation this week. Students in Year 1 have been comparing family structures from around the world and re-examining families in Australia. Students in Year 2 focus on the places special to families around the world, including Australia; while students in Year 3 focus on communities and the families within them in different countries around the world, including Australia.

Years 3 to 6

Students in Year 3 (Unit 3.8), 4 (Unit 4.4), 5 (Unit 5.4) and 6 (Unit 6.4) are celebrating with a class party this week! The party may be influenced by treats won through the Class Election held earlier in the term. Using one of the suggested Diversity themes for the party enables students to explore aspects covered throughout the term (and over the course of the year). Whether or not food is included in the party, students have a chance to explore cultural diversity through choosing decorations and colours, music, dress and other indicators of cultural identity. Students in Year 3 examine diversity within Australian communities by choosing from cultural groups in local communities. Students in Year 4 have been encouraged to consider the cultural identity of different Aboriginal groups, and others, within Australian society. Students in Year 5 incorporate what they have learned about people from Britain and Europe, as well as others, who came to Australia and their contributions to our society. Students in Year 6 have excellent opportunities to include aspects of Asian cultures, represented by people who have come to Australia from different parts of Asia. Students may even be able to enjoy the fruits of their Growing a Plant science activity, as part of their celebration!

It is hoped that for all students the year can end on a high note, with lots of fun celebrations! Teachers can relax, confidant in the knowledge that their students have covered the entire curriculum, with all strands, for all the HASS subjects (including History, Geography, Civics and Citizenship and Economics and Business), as well as Science. The students are thus excellently prepared for their move up to a new year level next year, and Year 6s can move on to high school with a firm foundation, having already learnt many of the techniques and skills that will be built upon in secondary school.

This Week in HASS – term 4, week 8

Well, the end of term is in sight! End of year reporting is in full swing and the Understanding Our World® activities are designed to keep students engaged whilst minimising requirements for teachers, especially over these critical weeks. The current activities for all year levels are tailored to require minimal teaching, allowing teacher aides and other helpers to assist students while teachers can be free to concentrate on reporting and other requirements. All year levels have now passed the threshold of completing all curriculum material for the year for all HASS subjects as well as Science, so no more formal assessment is needed. The final weeks are focused on fun, whilst carrying the themes covered earlier in the term, and year, forwards, so that the fun enhances the learning, rather than detracting from it.

Foundation/Prep/Kindy to Year 3

Our youngest students in standalone Foundation/Prep/Kindy classes (Unit F.4) or integrated with Year 1 (Unit F-1.4) are doing the final preparations for their play next week. Costumes should be finalised, whilst the students practise their lines and using props. Those classes which have chosen not to dress-up should be finalising their drawings of their characters and the equipment they could use. Students will say their lines and explain their drawings and what their character is doing. Students in Years 1 (Unit 1.4), 2 (Unit 2.4) and 3 (Unit 3.4) are also preparing for their presentation or dramatisation next week. Students in Year 1 are considering the roles of each member of their role-play family group – who does the cooking or cleaning, who works outside the home? Students in Year 2 are considering the role of technology in the lives of their chosen group – what technology do they use for which purposes? Students should also be encouraged to consider where this group lives and how practical it would be to travel to where they live from where the students live – what technology would be involved? Students in Year 3 are considering the roles of their characters in the community where their chosen group lives and whether any representatives of similar groups are present in their local community.

Years 3 to 6

Students in Years 3 (Unit 3.8), 4 (Unit 4.4), 5 (Unit 5.4) and 6 (Unit 6.4) are reaping the benefits of their class election and moving on to plan a celebration for the last week of term. The theme of the celebration is “Diversity in Australia” and students will look back to the migrant group they studied earlier in the term to gain ideas to add to the celebration. Teachers can decide whether food will be included in this celebration, or not. If not, it is recommended that students prepare a menu of the sort of foods that their group might have at a celebration. Other aspects to include may be music, symbols and decorations or even national dress. Students in Year 3 will have chosen from a wide range of possible migrant groups earlier in the term or may also choose an Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander group. Students in Year 4 will have concentrated on groups from South-East Asia and Australasia. Students in Year 5 will have chosen a group from Europe, Britain or Western Asia, whilst students in Year 6 will have chosen mainly groups of migrants from Asia. Some students may wish to include Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander cultural representations in the celebration.

To complement this celebration, some students may have plants, from their Scientific Investigation, which can now be used in the celebration, either contributing resources, such as tomatoes, or perhaps flowering or having other characteristics which represent a migrant group.

This Week in HASS – term 2, week 8

This week we are starting into the last stretch of the term. Students are well into their final sections of work. Our youngest students are thinking about how we care for places, slightly older students are displaying their posters and older students are giving their presentations.

Foundation/Prep/Kindy to Year 3

Our youngest students doing the stand-alone Foundation/Prep/Kindy unit (F.2) are thinking about how we look after different places this week. Students in integrated Foundation/Prep/Kindy and Year 1 classes, doing Unit F.6, are displaying their posters on an issue in their local environment. These posters were prepared in proceeding weeks and can now be displayed either at school or in a local library or hall. The teacher may choose to invite parents to view the posters as well. Students in Years 1 (Unit 1.2), 2 (Unit 2.2) and 3 (Unit 3.2) also have posters to display on a range of issues, either at the school, in a local place, such as a park, or even a local heritage place. Discussions around points of view and the intended audience of the posters can help students to gain a more in-depth understanding and critique their own work.

Years 3 to 6

Students in Years 3 (Unit 3.6), 4 (Unit 4.2), 5 (Unit 5.2) and 6 (Unit 6.2) are in the second of 3 weeks set aside for their presentations. The presentations cover a significant body of work and thus a 3 weeks of lessons are set aside for the presentations, as well as for finishing any other sections of work not yet completed. Year 3 students are considering extreme climate areas of Australia and other parts of the world, such as the Sahara Desert, Arctic and Antarctica and Mount Everest, by studying explorers such as Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay, Robert Scott and Pawel Strzelecki. Year 4 students are studying explorers and the environments and animals of Africa and South America, such as Francisco Pizarro, the Giant Vampire Bat, Vasco Da Gama and the Cape Lion. Year 5 students are studying explorers, environments and animals of North America, such as Henry Hudson, Hernando de Soto and the Great Auk. Year 6 students are studying explorers, environments and indigenous peoples of Asia, such as Vitus Bering, Zheng He, Marco Polo, the Mongols and the Rus.

This Week in HASS – term 2, week 7

This week students are starting to round off their main body of assessable work for the term. Older students are completing and starting to present their presentations, while younger students have posters and models to finish off.

Foundation/Prep/Kindy to Year 3

Students in our stand-alone Foundation/Prep/Kindy unit (F.2) are continuing to explore with their senses this week. While still working on their model or collage for their Favourite Place, they are using their sense of Smell to consider which aromas they like or dislike. Teachers (and students) can bring in a range of things with different smells to explore in class. Ideas for these are given in the Teacher’s Handbook. An important part of this investigation is considering how one can represent one’s favourite smells in the model or collage – students might try to draw the objects associated with the smells, or see if they can find creative alternatives to represent this sense.

Students in integrated Foundation/Prep/Kindy and Year 1 classes (Unit F.6) and those in Years 1 (Unit 1.2), 2 (Unit 2.2) and 3 (Unit 3.2) are completing their posters to be displayed next week. These posters cover topics of local significance – either local history information, or dealing with issues, such as littering or the need for play equipment. As the students work on the posters, teachers are holding discussions with them on responsibility for different issues. The delegation of responsibility to members of the community, local government, other authorities, people who use the facilities, the school P&C, the students etc. should be discussed in class, so that students start to understand how people have different responsibilities in different situations. The teacher can also revisit issues of responsibility in the classroom – what are the students responsible for? What is the teacher responsible for? What is the school responsible for? These discussions are an important means of allowing the students to interact and practise group discussion skills, as well as helping them to think about responsibilities.

Years 3 to 6

Students in Year 3 (Unit 3.6) are completing their presentation on an extreme climate explorer and may start presenting it to the class this week. Year 4 students (Unit 4.2) are presenting on their explorer of Africa and South America. Year 5 students (Unit 5.2) are presenting on their chosen explorer from North America; and Year 6 students (Unit 6.2) are presenting on their chosen explorer from Asia. The remaining 3 weeks of this unit are allocated to the presentations, to ensure enough time for these to be given in full. The presentations should cover all the aspects raised over previous weeks and answered in the Student Workbook – the environments and geography of the areas explored; sustainability issues, such as extinction of animals and changes in local environments; characteristics of the countries involved in the explorations; reasons for explorations and how these created the background which led to the settlement of Australia and the role of indigenous people, as well as impact on indigenous people and their environments. The presentation is thus a comprehensive body of work.